61 results
Leukemias Overview: ALL, CML, AML, APML, CLL

Acute leukemias > 20% blasts in the peripheral blood smear
the peripheral blood ... Blast cells - Blood ... blast cells - Blood ... -> AML: Blast crises ... the peripheral blood
Differentiation Between Nephrotic Syndrome and Nephritic Syndrome 
== Nephrotic Syndrome ==
Onset - Insidious 
Edema - ++++
Blood
Edema - ++++ Blood ... cell casts - Absent ... cell casts - Present ... edgarvlermamd - Nephrology ... Comparison #Table #Nephrology
Urinalysis & Urine Sodium 
Theophilus Protospatharius, a seventh-century physician who wrote the first manuscript focused exclusively
Blood (hemoglobin ... • Ketones • Leukocyte ... • Red blood cells ... : • White blood ... dipstick #nitrite #leucocyte-esterase
Evaluation of Leukocytosis:
The term 'leukocyte' applies to any cells within the myeloblast, monoblast, & lymphoid lineages.
Include
Leukocytosis: The term 'leukocyte ... defined as white blood ... in peripheral blood ... precursor cells to leukocytes ... the underlying cause
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
urine • 1ml blood ... disease Renal Causes ... and SMA - Can cause ... #urology #nephrology ... #renal #urine #blood
Urinary Casts and Disease Associations
Hyaline - May be nonspecific; seen in normal individuals or during severe
Urinary Casts and ... disease Red blood ... Glomerulonephritis White blood ... edgarvlermamd - Nephrology ... Microscopy #Diagnosis #Nephrology
Peri-operative Hyperthermia - Guidelines for Crises in Anaesthesia
If prolonged or ≥ 39 C this is a
maintained fever CAUSES ... urological device • Blood ... • Intracranial blood ... #Differential #Causes ... Anesthesiology #Anesthesia #Checklist
Intraoperative Sepsis - Guidelines for Crises in Anaesthesia

Severe sepsis (hypotension persisting after initial fluid challenge of
of 30ml.kg-1 or blood ... Box C). ❹ Take bloods ... including blood ... devices could have caused ... Intraoperative #Checklist
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
proteinuria, RBC casts ... → Refer to Nephrology ... cystoscopy • Refer to Nephrology ... if cause not identified ... Workup #urology #blood
Algorithm for the Evaluation of Chronic Diarrhea (< 7 days)
Exclude:
1. Causes of acute diarrhea
2. Lactose intolerance
3.
Causes of acute ... disease - Fecal leukocytes ... and occult blood