15 results
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Urinary Chloride
 • Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
loop or thiazide diuretics ... blood pressure: ... Active diuretic ... , Gitelman syndrome ... #urinary #chloride
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting, NGT
Primary Metabolic ... Cl intake, Diuretics ... Cl-: Diuretics, ... , Gitelman Syndrome ... #Primary #Metabolic
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
- Urinary Chloride ... loop or thiazide diuretics ... Active diuretic ... , Gitelman syndrome ... #Urinary #Chloride
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Diagnosis Algorithm ... Loop and thiazide diuretics ... , Gitelman syndrom ... #Algorithm #causes ... #nephrology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Primary Metabolic ... Cl intake, Diuretics ... Cl-: Diuretics, ... , Gitelman Syndrome ... #Causes
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
Gitelman Syndrome ... with thiazide diuretic ... blood pressure ... Surreptitious diuretic ... #Syndrome #diagnosis
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Alkalosis: Emesis, Diuretics ... , Gitelman syndrome ... #diagnosis #Algorithm ... differential #potassium #nephrology ... #low
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis
ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L
 • Gastric alkalosis:
Causes of Metabolic ... Thiazide or loop diuretics ... after renal tubule diuretic ... Thiazide or loop diuretics ... #Causes #nephrology
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine
Urine K+
effective arterial blood ... Cl - Loop diuretics ... , Thiazide diuretics ... , Gitelman syndrome ... #nephrology
Hypokalemia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertensive:
 • High Al, Low R - Primary aldosteronism
 • High Al, High
R - Primary aldosteronism ... >20 mEq/24 h - Diuretics ... , Gitelman's syndrome ... #Algorithm #nephrology ... #causes #low #potassium