11 results
Urinary Casts and Disease Associations
Hyaline - May be nonspecific; seen in normal individuals or during severe
Muddy-brown" heme-granular ... disease Red blood ... #Differential # ... Microscopy #Diagnosis ... #Nephrology
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings
 • Epithelial cells - Normal
 • Renal tubular cells - Acute
Atlas of Urine Microscopy ... fresh at time of microscopy ... glomerular disease • Leukocytes ... renal disease • Granular ... key #diagnosis #nephrology
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
Hematuria - Differential ... urine • 1ml blood ... #Hematuria #Differential ... #urology #nephrology ... #renal #urine #blood
Leukemias Overview: ALL, CML, AML, APML, CLL

Acute leukemias > 20% blasts in the peripheral blood smear
the peripheral blood ... Blast cells - Blood ... -> AML: Blast crises ... distinctive primary granules ... #Leukemia #Hematology
Basophilia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Basophils < 1% of the total white blood cell count
Basophils function similarly
Basophilia - Differential ... the total white blood ... histamine in their granules ... #Diagnosis #causes ... #hematology #basophils
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis
Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Investigations: full blood ... dipstick, urine microscopy ... osmolarity If cause ... #Diagnosis #nephrology ... #causes
Urine Microscopy - Urinary Sediment Examination Instructions
Preparation of the urine for microscopic examination:
 • Clean catch
presence of protein, blood ... or leukocyte esterase ... up by cells or casts ... protein matrix of casts ... Instructions #steps #checklist
Myelodysplastic Syndromes (MDS)

What?
Myelodysplastic syndromes are a group of disorders caused by blood cells that are poorly
group of disorders caused ... skin that are caused ... Out Secondary Causes ... count with differential ... Syndromes #diagnosis #hematology
Dermatologic Manifestations of Granulomatosis with Polyangiitis (GPA)

Skin involvement in granulomatosis with polyangiitis (GPA) is common and
GPA causes disease ... reticularis Differential ... Polyarteritis nodosa • Microscopic ... vasculitis (inflamed blood ... rash #diagnosis #rheumatology
Vasculitis and Vasculitides - Differential Diagnosis Framework

When to Consider Vasculitis:
 • Purpura, ischemic skin lesions
 •
PR3-ANCA): • Microscopic ... tract, and often causes ... pulses, bruis, or blood ... Large Vessel: Blood ... #diagnosis #rheumatology