70 results
Differentiation Between Nephrotic Syndrome and Nephritic Syndrome 
== Nephrotic Syndrome ==
Onset - Insidious 
Edema - ++++
Blood
Edema - ++++ Blood ... cell casts - Absent ... cell casts - Present ... edgarvlermamd - Nephrology ... Comparison #Table #Nephrology
Leukemias Overview: ALL, CML, AML, APML, CLL

Acute leukemias > 20% blasts in the peripheral blood smear
the peripheral blood ... -> AML: Blast crises ... develop leukostasis syndrome ... • Tumor lysis syndrome ... #Leukemia #Hematology
Algorithm for the Evaluation of Chronic Diarrhea (< 7 days)
Exclude:
1. Causes of acute diarrhea
2. Lactose intolerance
3.
Causes of acute ... Irritable bowel syndrome ... disease - Fecal leukocytes ... and occult blood ... Malabsorption syndromes
Mechanisms of nephron damage in cardiorenal syndrome
 • Increased renal interstitial pressure
 • Hypoperfusion
 • Reduced
in cardiorenal syndrome ... Reduced renal blood ... #cardiorenal #syndrome ... #Mechanisms #pathophysiology ... #nephrology
Dyspnea - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Cardiovascular Causes of Dyspnea:
 • Myocardium:
	- Heart failure
	- CAD/ACS
	- Valvulopathy
 • Electrical:
	-
Cardiovascular Causes ... Water - Pus - Blood ... Hepatopulmonary syndrome ... Other Causes ... Transverse myelitis • Hematology
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
urine • 1ml blood ... disease - Alport syndrome ... pain hematuria syndrome ... #urology #nephrology ... #renal #urine #blood
Childhood Immunization Schedule: Why we immunize
 • Diphtheria Toxin -> URT inflammation causes pseudomembrane with hardened
invade URT & via hematologic ... CNS and hematologic ... disseminates in blood ... fetal blood vessel ... peds #pediatrics #pathophysiology
Urinary Casts and Disease Associations
Hyaline - May be nonspecific; seen in normal individuals or during severe
disease Red blood ... Glomerulonephritis White blood ... Fatty - Nephrotic syndrome ... edgarvlermamd - Nephrology ... Microscopy #Diagnosis #Nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
wasting from other causes ... suggests extra-renal causes ... losses: • High Blood ... • Low/Normal Blood ... differential #potassium #nephrology
Secondary Causes of Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypertension - BP > 140/90 (>130/80 for DM)
Hypertensive urgency
visits, Ambulatory blood ... • Nephritic syndrome ... Excess: • Conn's syndrome ... Licorice • Liddle's syndrome ... HTN #Secondary #Nephrology