9 results
Hypocalcemia Laboratory Evaluation

Serum levels of PTH, phosphorus, 25-hydroxyvitamin D, and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D can help differentiate between
Serum levels of PTH ... hypocalcemia: - Hypoparathyroidism ... - Calcium-sensing ... activating mutation - Parathyroid ... #Diagnosis #Endocrinology
Hyperparathyroidism - Primary vs Secondary vs Tertiary 
Lab Comparison:
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism: ↑→PTH, ↑Calcium, ↑Vitamin D,
: ↑→PTH, ↑Calcium ... : ↑PTH, ↓→Calcium ... : ↑↑PTH, ↑Calcium ... #diagnosis #endocrinology ... Secondary #Tertiary #pathophysiology
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid gland structure-related
 • Primary hyperparathyroidism
 • Parathyroid adenoma
 • Parathyroid hyperplasia
 • Parathyroid
Causes of Hypercalcemia ... Lithium use • Calcium-sensing ... Hypercalcemia #Causes ... #endocrinology ... #diagnosis #differential
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Elevated PTH (High or normal):
 • Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Familial Hypocalciuric Hypercalcemia
Low
- Differential Diagnosis ... normal): • Primary Hyperparathyroidism ... Bony Mets - Calcium ... #Algorithm #causes ... #endocrinology
Causes of Hypocalcemia by Clinical Cause

Acute illness: pancreatitis, tumor lysis, severe illness - Secondary hyperparathyroidism from
illness - Secondary hyperparathyroidism ... low circulating calcium ... Genetic defects in calcium-sensing ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Endocrinology
Radial Fracture Due to Parathyroid Carcinoma- ...A plain radiograph of the left arm showed a diaphyseal
had received a diagnosis ... 65) and a serum calcium ... which is a rare cause ... year after the diagnosis ... #clinical #radiology
Pseudogout: pathogenesis and clinical findings
 - Idiopathic (vast majority of cases) -> Mechanism unknown
 - Familial
vast majority of cases ... production - Hyperparathyroidism ... Incr levels of parathyroid ... Signs #Symptoms #Pathophysiology ... #Diagnosis
Causes of Hypocalcemia - Differential Diagnosis
Decreased calcium absorption
 • Vitamin D deficiency
    -
Causes of Hypocalcemia ... - Differential Diagnosis ... Decreased calcium ... resorption • Hypoparathyroidism ... #Causes #endocrinology
CPPD vs Gout

== CPPD == 

Think About CPPD When:
 • Self-limited synovitis after surgery/trauma (> 65
disease states Pathophysiology ... precipitates with calcium ... Hemochromatosis • Hyperparathyroidism ... culture used to diagnose ... Intracellular (leukocyte