19 results
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings
 • Epithelial cells - Normal
 • Renal tubular cells - Acute
Atlas of Urine Microscopy ... also be seen if urine ... glomerular disease • Leukocytes ... • “Muddy brown cast ... contamination #Urine
Step by Step Algorithmic Approach to Pediatric Fever

Age < 21 days old (or 28 days for
Approach to Pediatric Fever ... sensitivity) Leukocytes ... in the urine Procalcitonin ... Algorithm #Infant #Fever
Urinalysis & Urine Sodium 
Theophilus Protospatharius, a seventh-century physician who wrote the first manuscript focused exclusively
Urinalysis & Urine ... • Ketones • Leukocyte ... • Urinary casts ... dipstick #nitrite #leucocyte-esterase ... #urine #UNa #casts
Causes of Proteinuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Persistent Proteinuria >150mg/d protein present on repeat testing including overnight
• Exercise • Fever ... Proteinuria (Negative urine ... Proteinuria (Positive urine ... albuminuria) - Active urine ... sediment - WBC/RBC casts
Lower Urinary Tract Infection: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

- Predisposing Factors:  Immunocompromised state, diabetes, elderly, female
urethra), stagnant urine ... systems, or stagnant urine ... - Dysuria - Fever ... Tenderness - Urine ... (+) Nitrites, Leukocyte
“Step by Step” – the new kid on the block – aims to risk stratify this
an infant with fever ... >21 days - No leukocytes ... in urine - Procalcitonin ... Stratification #Fever
Urine Microscopy - Urinary Sediment Examination Instructions
Preparation of the urine for microscopic examination:
 • Clean catch
Urine Microscopy ... protein, blood or leukocyte ... up by cells or casts ... and condenser focus ... protein matrix of casts
Blood Product Transfusions One Pager Summary
Type and screen - determines blood type and detects in recipient
Product Types: • Leukocyte ... S/sx: Fever, flank ... pain, dark urine ... proteins on plts, leukocytes ... Sx include: fever
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary

Causes of Rhabdomyolysis:
 • Trauma:
	- Immobilization
	- Crush injury
	- Compartment
Weakness - Dark urine ... Muscle swelling - Fever ... Cast formation: ... hour with goal urine
Blood Transfusion Reactions

Immune Mediated:
 • Febrile Non-Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction (FNHTR): Most common immune reaction to transfusion.
S/sx: Fever, flank ... pain, dark urine ... have drop in Hct, fever ... proteins on plts, leukocytes ... Sx include: fever