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diagnosis treatment differential nephrology hematology rheumatology blood clinical endocarditis infectiousdiseases microscopy product reactions syndrome algorithm aorta aortic atheroma atlas brain
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings • Epithelial cells - Normal • Renal tubular cells - Acute
microscopy • Red cell casts ... • Leukocytes ... • White cell casts ... infection • Hyaline casts ... • Granular casts
Urinalysis & Urine Sodium Theophilus Protospatharius, a seventh-century physician who wrote the first manuscript focused exclusively
proteinuria as a disease ... • Ketones • Leukocyte ... • Urinary casts ... dipstick #nitrite #leucocyte-esterase ... #urine #UNa #casts
Causes of Proteinuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Persistent Proteinuria >150mg/d protein present on repeat testing including overnight
Causes of Proteinuria ... • Exercise • Fever ... sediment - WBC/RBC casts ... Minimal change disease ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Urine Microscopy - Urinary Sediment Examination Instructions Preparation of the urine for microscopic examination: • Clean catch
Urine Microscopy ... protein, blood or leukocyte ... up by cells or casts ... and condenser focus ... protein matrix of casts
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary Causes of Rhabdomyolysis: • Trauma: - Immobilization - Crush injury - Compartment
Framework and Management ... Summary Causes ... Muscle swelling - Fever ... Cast formation: ... of underlying disease
Endocarditis Summary Who? Infectious: • Pre-existing valvular disease • Prosthetic valve • Congenital heart disease • IV substance use • IV catheter • Recent
positive in 90% of IE cases ... night sweats, fever ... Persistent bacteremia/fevers ... Endocarditis #diagnosis #management ... #cardiology
Blood Product Transfusions One Pager Summary Type and screen - determines blood type and detects in recipient
Product Types: • Leukocyte ... S/sx: Fever, flank ... pain, dark urine ... proteins on plts, leukocytes ... Transfusions #diagnosis #management
Drug Reaction with Eosinophilia and Systemic Symptoms (DRESS) Definition: • Severe adverse drug reaction, characterized by
Edema in 70% of cases ... Fever >38.5 2. ... Exanthematous Pustulosis Management ... withdrawal • Mild disease ... treatment • Severe disease
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis and Treatment Hyponatremia is usually caused by the inability to excrete water normally.
Hyponatremia is usually caused ... vast majority of cases ... Measure urine osmolality ... vaptans (HF/liver disease ... Diagnosis #Treatment #management
Blood Transfusion Reactions Immune Mediated: • Febrile Non-Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction (FNHTR): Most common immune reaction to transfusion.
S/sx: Fever, flank ... pain, dark urine ... proteins on plts, leukocytes ... Causes purpura & ... Transfusion #diagnosis #management
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