41 results
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings
 • Epithelial cells - Normal
 • Renal tubular cells - Acute
Atlas of Urine Microscopy ... also be seen if urine ... glomerular disease • Leukocytes ... • “Muddy brown cast ... contamination #Urine
Step by Step Algorithmic Approach to Pediatric Fever

Age < 21 days old (or 28 days for
Approach to Pediatric Fever ... sensitivity) Leukocytes ... in the urine Procalcitonin ... Algorithm #Infant #Fever
Urinalysis & Urine Sodium 
Theophilus Protospatharius, a seventh-century physician who wrote the first manuscript focused exclusively
Urinalysis & Urine ... • Ketones • Leukocyte ... • Urinary casts ... dipstick #nitrite #leucocyte-esterase ... #urine #UNa #casts
Leukemias Overview: ALL, CML, AML, APML, CLL

Acute leukemias > 20% blasts in the peripheral blood smear
• Blasts > 10% leukocytes ... Headaches, bone pain, fever ... AML Dx: • ↑ Leukocyte ... Lymphadenopathy • HSM • Fevers ... #Leukemia #Hematology
Causes of Proteinuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Persistent Proteinuria >150mg/d protein present on repeat testing including overnight
• Exercise • Fever ... Proteinuria (Negative urine ... Proteinuria (Positive urine ... albuminuria) - Active urine ... sediment - WBC/RBC casts
Lower Urinary Tract Infection: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

- Predisposing Factors:  Immunocompromised state, diabetes, elderly, female
urethra), stagnant urine ... systems, or stagnant urine ... - Dysuria - Fever ... Tenderness - Urine ... (+) Nitrites, Leukocyte
“Step by Step” – the new kid on the block – aims to risk stratify this
an infant with fever ... >21 days - No leukocytes ... in urine - Procalcitonin ... Stratification #Fever
Urine Microscopy - Urinary Sediment Examination Instructions
Preparation of the urine for microscopic examination:
 • Clean catch
Urine Microscopy ... protein, blood or leukocyte ... up by cells or casts ... and condenser focus ... protein matrix of casts
Childhood Immunization Schedule: Why we immunize
 • Diphtheria Toxin -> URT inflammation causes pseudomembrane with hardened
in tone; severe cases ... invade URT & via hematologic ... causes CNS and hematologic ... occurs In severe cases ... cellulitis in severe cases
Blood Product Transfusions One Pager Summary
Type and screen - determines blood type and detects in recipient
Product Types: • Leukocyte ... S/sx: Fever, flank ... pain, dark urine ... proteins on plts, leukocytes ... diagnosis #management #hematology