20 results
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Primary Metabolic ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... BAH, AME, GRA, Cushing's ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #Nephrology #Causes
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting, NGT
Primary Metabolic ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... BAH, AME, GRA, Cushing's ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #nephrology
Hypokalemia Differential Algorithm
Acidosis
 - RTA
 - Diarrhea
pH Normal 
 1. Decreased Mg 
 2. Intracellular Shift
Hypokalemia Differential ... Algorithm Acidosis ... Metabolic alkalosis ... #Diagnosis #Causes ... #Workup #Nephrology
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings
 • Epithelial cells - Normal
 • Renal tubular cells - Acute
glomerular disease • Leukocytes ... • White cell casts ... disease • Granular casts ... crystals may indicate metabolic ... #nephrology #casts
Acid Base and Blood Gas Analysis
1. pH - What’s the primary disturbance?
2. pCO2 - What’s the
asthma, ↓ Drive, Medications ... Alkalosis - “BLVD ... Endocrine (Conn’s or Cushing ... nickmmark #acidbase #workup ... #algorithm #diagnosis
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Carbenoxolone, SAME, Cushing ... #Algorithm #causes ... potassium #low #nephrology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Algorithm Before ... A urine K/Cr ratio ... Alkalosis: Emesis ... #diagnosis #Algorithm ... differential #potassium #nephrology
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
Hematuria Workup ... and Diagnosis Algorithm ... proteinuria, RBC casts ... if cause not identified ... #Algorithm #Workup
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Metabolic Alkalosis ... the indicated causes ... #Metabolic #Alkalosis ... #Algorithm #nephrology ... #differential #diagnosis
Simplified Approach to Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)
1) IS THIS AN EMERGENCY? 
Is there a dialysis indication
there a dialysis indication ... common culprits: Hypovolemia ... PROBLEM ~80% of AKI cases ... for WBCs, RBCs, casts ... #diagnosis #nephrology