16 results
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
Hematuria Workup ... Algorithm • Confirm hematuria ... proteinuria, RBC casts ... uw_IMresidency #Hematuria ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Workup
Urinalysis & Urine Sodium 
Theophilus Protospatharius, a seventh-century physician who wrote the first manuscript focused exclusively
• Ketones • Leukocyte ... • Urinary casts ... dipstick #nitrite #leucocyte-esterase ... #urine #UNa #casts ... #glucosuria #hematuria
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome

Step 1: If the patient has hematuria and/or proteinuria, think about nephrotic/nephritic syndromes.
Step
the patient has hematuria ... have glomerular hematuria ... (RBC casts or dysmorphic ... RBCs in urine)?
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings
 • Epithelial cells - Normal
 • Renal tubular cells - Acute
Atlas of Urine Microscopy ... also be seen if urine ... glomerular disease • Leukocytes ... • “Muddy brown cast ... contamination #Urine
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine
 • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
: Red/Dark urine ... 1ml blood/liter urine ... more RBC/HPF spun urine ... examination of urine ... : - RBC casts
Glomerular Diseases - Nephritic and Nephrotic Syndromes

Nephritic syndrome—due to GBM disruption. 
Hypertension. t BUN and creatinine.
hematuria. ... RBC casts in urine ... but in severe cases
Causes of Dysuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Pyuria - Leukocytes on Dipstick/Microscopy
 - Bacteriuria & Hematuria -
Algorithm Pyuria - Leukocytes ... Bacteriuria & Hematuria ... Pyelonephritis - WBC Casts ... Bacteriuria & No Hematuria ... No Pyuria - No Leukocytes
Causes of Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Red blood cells on urine microscopy. Must exclude false positives
Causes of Hematuria ... blood cells on urine ... RBCs and/or RBC casts ... ) - Isolated Hematuria ... ) - Isolated Hematuria
Lower Urinary Tract Infection: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings

- Predisposing Factors:  Immunocompromised state, diabetes, elderly, female
urethra), stagnant urine ... systems, or stagnant urine ... Tenderness - Urine ... (+) Nitrites, Leukocyte ... +/- Hematuria (
Simplified Approach to Acute Kidney Injury (AKI)
1) IS THIS AN EMERGENCY? 
Is there a dialysis indication
PROBLEM ~80% of AKI cases ... IMPROVEMENT If the urine ... for WBCs, RBCs, casts ... KidneyInjury #simplified #workup