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nephrology management hyponatremia differential algorithm low pathophysiology bladder cerebral clinical colovesical cystoscopy fistula fungal gitelman hypernatremia hypokalemia hypotonic infections mycoses
Cerebral Salt Wasting vs SIADH - Pathophysiology 1) Neurological event 2) Sodium loss from tubules 3) Naturiesis →
Salt Wasting vs SIADH ... Neurological event 2) Sodium ... → Increased urine ... Pathophysiology #diagnosis ... #comparison
Hyponatremia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Utilizing Uric Acid ADH promotes Urea/uric acid excretion along with water
Osmolarity 2) Urine ... Osmolarity 3) Urine ... Sodium 4) Serum ... Low Uric Acid → SIADH ... #Algorithm #nephrology
Volume Based Approach to Hyponatremia Hypovolemic, Serum uric acid >4 • Urine Na <20: Extra-renal losses •
uric acid >4 • Urine ... uric acid <4 • SIADH ... uric acid >4 • Urine ... Hyponatremia #algorithm #diagnosis ... #sodium #low #nephrology
SIADH Treatment Options 1. Treat underlying cause of SIADH: Pain, Primary lung pathology, Post-operative phenomenon, Medications, Basically
SIADH Treatment ... promoting passive sodium ... 0.9% NS • If Urine ... #hyponatremia #nephrology ... #treatment
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
volume-based algorithm Urine ... , Renal Sodium loss ... #differential #diagnosis ... #table #sodium ... #nephrology
Management of SIADH Treat underlying cause: • Causes can include pain, primary lung pathology, post-operative phenomenon, medications,
Management of SIADH ... promoting passive sodium ... Saline: • If Urine ... #hyponatremia #nephrology ... #treatment
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis and Treatment Hypernatremia is almost always due to unreplaced water loss (free water
- Differential Diagnosis ... history, exam, and urine ... DI; high dilute urine ... , Dehydration: neurologic ... #nephrology #sodium
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis and Treatment Hyponatremia is usually caused by the inability to excrete water normally.
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis ... Measure urine osmolality ... Treatment: Treatment ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #nephrology #sodium
Primary Polydipsia Definition: Excessive volitional water intake Epidemiology: • 6-20% of patients with psychiatric disorders - Most commonly
Differential Diagnosis ... Pseudohyponatremia, SIADH ... Osm, Serum Sodium ... , Urine Sodium ... #management #nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome Overview What? • Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter • Gitelman's syndrome
thiazide-sensitive sodium ... thiazide-sensitive sodium ... Hypocalciuria (spot urine ... Rhabdomyolysis Treatment ... Gitelman #Syndrome #diagnosis
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