8 results
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
/low blood pressure ... the indicated causes ... of sodium and potassium ... #urine #Algorithm ... #nephrology #differential
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Diagnosis Algorithm ... : • Normal Acid-Base ... Syndrome • HTN, High ... #causes #potassium ... #low #nephrology
Lactated Ringers (LR) vs Normal Saline (NS) - Comparison

Composition of LR:
 • Sodium 130 mEq/L
 •
Saline (NS) - Comparison ... 130 mEq/L • Potassium ... densa receives high ... blood flow and ... Decreased GFR, urine
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
suggests extra-renal ... urinary losses: • High ... /Normal Blood Pressure ... #differential # ... potassium #nephrology
Causes of Non-Gap Metabolic Acidosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Normal Anion Gap (<14) (Loss of Bicarbonate) -
Metabolic Acidosis ... Normal Anion Gap ... Loss (Negative urine ... Diarrhea • Fistula Renal ... Cell Problem - Low
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
remember than the normal ... volume-based algorithm ... Urine Na+K / serum ... diuresis can be high ... #differential #
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
alkalosis • Normal ... or low blood pressure ... Hypocalciuria (spot urine ... ratio 0.5%) Differential ... Syndrome #diagnosis #nephrology
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary

Causes of Rhabdomyolysis:
 • Trauma:
	- Immobilization
	- Crush injury
	- Compartment
Heat stroke - Metabolic ... UA positive for blood ... fluid/Lactated ringers ... Monitor potassium ... #treatment #nephrology