25 results
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup

Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration.
Step 2.  Check plasma osmolality.
NORMAL PLASMA
Repeat the sodium ... HYPOVOLEMIC • extra-renal ... - fevers • renal ... insufficiency ... nephrotic syndrome • renal
Causes of Growth Restriction - Small for Gestational Age - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Maternal
 • Chronic Maternal
Algorithm Maternal ... • Autoimmune Disease ... Sickle Cell) • Renal ... Insufficiency ... GestationalAge #SGA
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Adenoma
 • Hyperplasia
 • MEN 1 and 2A
Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism
- Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm Primary ... Renal Failure, Post-Renal ... Insufficiency ... #Algorithm #Endocrinology
The Diagnostic Approach to Hyperkalemia
Drugs
 - Amiloride
 - Spironolactone
 - Triamterene
 - Trimethoprim
 - Pentamidine
 -
The Diagnostic Approach ... - Renal transplant ... Renin - Primary adrenal ... insufficiency ... #Hyperkalemia #Algorithm
Primary Adrenal Insufficiency
Addison's Disease - Damage of the adrenal glands with lack of cortisol, androgens and
Lung cancer • Renal ... PRA • ↓ Serum sodium ... Serum DHEAS Diagnosis ... #endocrinology ... #diagnosis #signs
Causes of Adrenal Insufficiency - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
ACTH-Dependent (Secondary):
 • Pituitary Dysfunction
 • Hypothalamic Dysfunction
ACTH-Independent (Primary):
Insufficiency - ... Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm ACTH-Dependent ... Granulomatous Disease ... #endocrinology
Legionnaire's Disease - Extrapulmonary organ involvement: CNS: Mental confusion, encephalopathic, headache. Cardiac: Relative bradycardia. GI: Loose
Legionnaire's Disease ... Renal: Microscopic ... hematuria, renal ... insufficiency # ... Diagnosis #IM #InfectiousDisease
Causes of Hypercalcemia
Parathyroid hormone–dependent
Primary hyperparathyroidism
Familial hypocalciuric hypercalcemia
Lithium-associated
Tertiary hyperparathyroidism
Genetic disorders (e.g., multiple endocrine neoplasia type 1 or
hormone–independent Renal ... thyrotoxicosis, adrenal ... insufficiency ... #Differential #Diagnosis ... #Endocrinology
Causes of Fatigue - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Endocrine
 • Hypo/Hyperthyroidism
 • Diabetes
 • Pituitary Insufficiency
 • Adrenal
- Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm Endocrine ... • Adrenal Insufficiency ... Metabolic • Renal ... Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
≥100): SIADH, Renal ... Hypothyroidism, Adrenal ... Insufficiency, ... Present (Uosm <100): Renal ... Hypervolemia with poor renal