10 results
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup

Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration.
Step 2.  Check plasma osmolality.
NORMAL PLASMA
Repeat the sodium ... HYPOVOLEMIC • extra-renal ... - fevers • renal ... insufficiency ... nephrotic syndrome • renal
Primary Adrenal Insufficiency
Addison's Disease - Damage of the adrenal glands with lack of cortisol, androgens and
Lung cancer • Renal ... PRA • ↓ Serum sodium ... Serum DHEAS Diagnosis ... addisons #disease #endocrinology ... #diagnosis #signs
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Adenoma
 • Hyperplasia
 • MEN 1 and 2A
Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism
- Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm Primary ... Renal Failure, Post-Renal ... Insufficiency ... #Algorithm #Endocrinology
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
≥100): SIADH, Renal ... Hypothyroidism, Adrenal ... Insufficiency, ... Present (Uosm <100): Renal ... Hypervolemia with poor renal
Hypoglycemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Fasting Hypoglycemia:
 • Excess Insulin
 • Medications (e.g. Insulin Secretagogues, ß-Adrenergic Antagonists,
- Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm Fasting ... Hepatic Failure, Renal ... Insufficiency ... #Algorithm #endocrinology
Emergent Hyperkalemia Treatment Algorithm
ECG changes, weakness, K+ >6.5 Or renal insufficiency with K >5.5 with cellular
Algorithm ECG ... weakness, K+ >6.5 Or renal ... insufficiency with ... nebulized • Sodium ... #Algorithm #Management
Short Stature - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Normal Variant, Normal Puberty Onset (BA = CA)
 • Familial Short
Algorithm Normal ... • Congenital Adrenal ... Panhypopituitarism Treatment ... Celiac, IBD) • Renal ... #Algorithm #endocrinology
Management of Hyponatremia
Hypertonic Saline - Only indicated if patient has severe symptoms + Na < 125
Give
• Discuss with endocrinology ... give specific treatment ... considerations: Addison's, Renal ... Hyponatremia #Management #algorithm ... #treatment #sodium
Hyponatremia - Differential Algorithm
Isotonic Hyponatremia: Hyperlipidemia, Hyperproteinemia, Recent TURP
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • Hypovolemia: Diuretics/Nephropathies, Vomiting, Diarrhea,
- Differential Algorithm ... Syndrome, Chronic Renal ... MH/CCF/CWRU EM ... #diagnosis #causes ... #nephrology #sodium
Refractory Ascites - Ascites that cannot be mobilized or early recurrence that cannot be prevented
Diuretic Resistant:
despite dietary sodium ... complications: • Renal ... Refractory #Ascites #diagnosis ... #management #algorithm ... #treatment #hepatology