26 results
Differential Diagnosis and Evaluation of Hyponatremia:
1) Identification of onset (acute vs. chronic)
2) Presence of symptoms (HA,
Differential Diagnosis ... Identification of onset (acute ... history (cardiac, liver ... #EM #IM #Nephro ... #Differential #Algorithm
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup

Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration.
Step 2.  Check plasma osmolality.
NORMAL PLASMA
Hypernatremia Diagnosis ... HYPERVOLEMIC • CHF • liver ... • nephrotic syndrome ... #Diagnosis #Workup ... #Algorithm #Nephrology
Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
ADH Independent:
 • Tea and Toast Syndrome, Beer Potomania - Low solute
Hyponatremia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Tea and Toast Syndrome ... Heart failure, liver ... #Algorithm #causes
Causes of Acute Liver Injury - Differential Diagnosis
Hepatocellular - Liver Parenchyma
 • Infectious: Hepatitis C, A,
Liver Injury - Differential ... - Liver Parenchyma ... obstruction, HELLP Syndrome ... Artery: Shock Liver ... #algorithm #hepatology
Acute Liver Injury - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Vascular Causes of Acute Liver Injury: 
 • Hepatic vein:
Acute Liver Injury ... - Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm Vascular ... vein: Budd-chiari syndrome ... • Gilbert's syndrome
Causes of Seizures - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Unprovoked - Epilepsy:
 • Focal: Simple, Complex
 • Generalized: Absence,
- Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm Unprovoked ... vasoconstriction syndrome ... Hyperglycemia, Hyponatremia ... Hypoxia, Uremia, Liver
Hyponatremia - Differential Algorithm
Isotonic Hyponatremia: Hyperlipidemia, Hyperproteinemia, Recent TURP
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • Hypovolemia: Diuretics/Nephropathies, Vomiting, Diarrhea,
Algorithm Isotonic ... Heart Failure, Liver ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic Syndrome ... MH/CCF/CWRU EM ... #diagnosis #causes
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
Diagnosis of ... heart failure, liver ... heart failure, liver ... heart failure, liver ... heart failure, liver
Acute Kidney Injury - Classification
Prerenal:
 • Dehydration
 • Heart failure (a.k.a. cardiorenal syndrome)
 • Liver failure
a.k.a. cardiorenal syndrome ... ) • Liver failure ... a.k.a. hepatorenal syndrome ... causes: sepsis, meds ... Classification #diagnosis
Drug Induced Liver Injury (DILI) - Stepwise Diagnosis Algorithm
DILI suspicion
Features toxic aetiology: Skin involvement, Kidney injury,
Drug Induced Liver ... non-essential drug/HDS treatments ... Alcohol-related liver ... dechallenge • Acute ... #DrugInduced #Liver