9 results
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup

Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration.
Step 2.  Check plasma osmolality.
NORMAL PLASMA
Diagnosis and Workup ... Assess volume status ... - burns - fevers ... HYPERVOLEMIC • CHF • liver ... #Algorithm #Nephrology
Approach to Headaches - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Red flags (PHANTOMS):
 • Pattern change, progressively worse, papilledema
 •
- Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... and signs (e.g., fever ... #Differential # ... #neurology #PHANTOMS
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypernatremia - Excess free water loss, Serum Sodium >145 mmol/L
High
Hypernatremia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... consciousness • No access ... ICU patients • Fever ... Hypernatremia #Nephrology
Causes of Seizures - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Unprovoked - Epilepsy:
 • Focal: Simple, Complex
 • Generalized: Absence,
of Seizures - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Encephalitis, Brain Abscess ... Hypoxia, Uremia, Liver ... #Causes #neurology
Neurological Manifestations of Tuberculosis
Spinal Arachnoiditis & Polyradiculopathy:
 • Subacute onset of limb weakness, bladder/bowel dysfunction, muscle
neurologic symptoms, fever ... stroke Tuberculous Abscess ... , fever, focal neurological ... Meningitis: • Fever ... Tuberculosis #diagnosis #differential
Causes of Cystic Renal Mass - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Benign - Anechoic on ultrasound, Well-demarcated on ultrasound/CT,
Diagnosis Algorithm ... Carcinoma - Abscess ... - Fever and leukocytosis ... Cystic #RenalMass #Nephrology ... #Differential #
Causes of Petechial Rash - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Pinpoint areas (less than 2 mm) of hemorrhage, which
Petechial Rash - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... Red Flags: • Fever ... deficiency Work ... • Abdominal ultrasound
CNS Infection in HIV / AIDS - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Principles of HIV-Associated CNS Opportunistic Infections:
 •
in HIV / AIDS - Differential ... • Symptoms: Fever ... • Symptoms: Fever ... tuberculomas, or abscesses ... CNS #Infections #differential
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis and Treatment
Hyponatremia is usually caused by the inability to excrete water normally.
3 questions to work ... approach to the differential ... Assess volume status ... include vaptans (HF/liver ... Treatment #management #nephrology