11 results
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup

Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration.
Step 2.  Check plasma osmolality.
NORMAL PLASMA
and Workup Step ... Assess volume status ... - burns - fevers ... • nephrotic syndrome ... #Algorithm #Nephrology
Causes of Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypernatremia - Excess free water loss, Serum Sodium >145 mmol/L
High
- Differential ... • Decreased level ... consciousness • No access ... ICU patients • Fever ... #Nephrology #Differential
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Differential Diagnosis ... Workup Algorithm ... thirst, Lack of access ... #Differential # ... #Algorithm #nephrology
Causes of Seizures - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Unprovoked - Epilepsy:
 • Focal: Simple, Complex
 • Generalized: Absence,
of Seizures - Differential ... vasoconstriction syndrome ... Encephalitis, Brain Abscess ... Hyperglycemia, Hyponatremia ... Hypoxia, Uremia, Liver
Hyponatremia - Diagnosis and Treatment
Hyponatremia is usually caused by the inability to excrete water normally.
3 questions to work ... Assess volume status ... demyelination syndrome ... #Differential # ... Treatment #management #nephrology
Lemierre's Syndrome on Neck POCUS with IJ Thrombosis - Transverse View

Male with high fever and right
on Neck POCUS with ... Male with high fever ... Differential/diagnosis ... On ultrasound note ... #Clinical #Ultrasound
Neurological Manifestations of Tuberculosis
Spinal Arachnoiditis & Polyradiculopathy:
 • Subacute onset of limb weakness, bladder/bowel dysfunction, muscle
Reconstitution Inflammatory Syndrome ... neurologic symptoms, fever ... stroke Tuberculous Abscess ... ) • Headache, fever ... Meningitis: • Fever
Causes of Cystic Renal Mass - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Benign - Anechoic on ultrasound, Well-demarcated on ultrasound/CT,
Hippel-Lindau Syndrome ... Carcinoma - Abscess ... - Fever and leukocytosis ... Cystic #RenalMass #Nephrology ... #Differential #
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary

Causes of Rhabdomyolysis:
 • Trauma:
	- Immobilization
	- Crush injury
	- Compartment
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential ... Muscle swelling - Fever ... Hyperuricemia • Hyponatremia ... Rhabdomyolysis #Differential ... causes #treatment #nephrology
Bear Paw Sign of Xanthogranulomatous Pyelonephritis on POCUS

Adult female with right flank pain, fever, leukocytosis, soft
Pyelonephritis on POCUS ... right flank pain, fever ... Diagnosis/differential ... perinephric/psoas abscess ... #clinical #ultrasound