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Lung Infections in HIV - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Disease by CD4 Count:
Any CD4 Count:
 • Mycobacterium tuberculosis,
• Pleuritic chest ... • Fever, weight ... Lymphadenopathy, Chest ... breath, Fatigue, Chest ... : • Chest pain
Causes of Hypoxemia- Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Ventilation/perfusion Mismatch
 • Airway Disease (Asthma, COPD)
 • Vascular (PE*)
 •
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... • Interstitial lung ... Malformation • Severe Pneumonia ... Abnormalities • Chest ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Hypoxemia / Hypoxia - Rapid Response Management Algorithm

Stridor - Upper airway pathology:
 • Anaphylaxis
 • Foreign
Response Management Algorithm ... hemorrhage • Pus: pneumonia ... atelectasis • Lung ... MG, ALS) • ↓ chest ... compliance (e.g., flail chest
Causes of Acute Pediatric Cough - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
No Fever, No Tachypnea
 - Normal Chest Auscultation
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... No Fever, No Tachypnea ... - Normal Chest ... Fever, Tachypnea ... • Bacterial pneumonia
Venn Diagram - Does this patient have pneumonia?
Diagnosis is generally based on three lines of evidence:
evidence of a chest ... Inflammation (e.g., fever ... production, pleuritic chest ... signs (tachypnea, hypoxemia ... #Pneumonia #Venn
Chronic Cough - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Red Flags:
 • Fever, night sweats, chills (infection)
 • Weight loss,
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Red Flags: • Fever ... Dyspnea (underlying lung ... lymadenopathy, clubbing, chest ... History of cancer, lung
On the left a case of chronic eosinophilic pneumonia.
It was a patient with low-grade fever, progressive
chronic eosinophilic pneumonia ... with low-grade fever ... and an abnormal chest ... #Clinical #Radiology ... #CTChest #Eosinophilic
Approach to the A-a Gradient
A-a gradient = PAO2 - PaO2
A-a gradient = [FiO2 x (Patm -
Room Air + Sea Level ... Weakness, Loss of Chest ... Elasticity (flail chest ... Atelectasis, ARDS, Pneumonia ... , Interstitial Lung
Lung Abscess - Diagnosis and Management Summary

Lung Abscess Etiology:
 • Necrosis of lung parenchyma by a
: • 80% have fever ... disease: Pleuritic chest ... seen • Chest ... Intervention: - Fevers ... treatment until the chest
Arrhythmias - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
May present as: palpitations, dizziness, syncope, chest discomfort
Cardiac Causes:
 - Structural
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... dizziness, syncope, chest ... Anemia • Fever ... #Arrhythmias #Cardiology ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm