9 results
Systolic Murmurs - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Benign / Flow / Hyperdynamic:
 • Pregnancy
 • Fever
 • Anemia
Supravalvular
Pregnancy • Fever ... • Rheumatic Fever ... • Rheumatic Fever ... • Rheumatic Fever ... #causes
Atrial Flutter on Echocardiogram (PLAX)

Another case of atrial flutter on echo. No wonder the patient almost
Echocardiogram ... (PLAX) Another ... case of atrial ... patient almost (but never ... #clinical #cardiology
Bradycardia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

BRADI Mnemonic
 • BRASH/Hyperkalemia
 • Reduced oxygen/Glucose/Temp
 • ACS
 • Drugs
 •
Hyperkalemia Pulmonary ... Diptheria • Typhoid fever ... Acute rheumatic fever ... Psittacosis • Q fever ... • Yellow fever
Endocarditis Summary

Who?
Infectious:
• Pre-existing valvular disease
• Prosthetic valve
• Congenital heart disease
• IV substance use
• IV catheter
• Recent
Libman Sacks) • Atrial ... night sweats, fever ... Cerebral > Splenic, pulmonary ... Septic Emboli Cause ... Treat underlying cause
Hemorrhagic Pericardial Effusions (Hemopericardium)- Differential Diagnosis Framework

IATROGENIC DISEASE
Secondary to invasive cardiac procedures

NONIATROGENIC
• Malignancy (e.g., metastatic spread:
uncommon - 1 to 2% ... patients with pulmonary ... OTHER RARE CAUSES ... • PRIMARY Cardiac ... Mediterranean fever
Endocarditis - Overview and Differential Diagnosis Framework

Who?
Infectious:
• Pre-existing valvular disease
• Prosthetic valve
• Congenital heart disease
• IV
Libman Sacks) • Atrial ... night sweats, fever ... Cerebral > Splenic, Pulmonary ... Septic emboli cause ... Treat underlying cause
Palpitations - Differential Diagnosis Framework

What?
• It is an unpleasant awareness or sensation that the heart is
muscle twitching CARDIAC ... Nonarrhythmic Cardiac ... Electrolyte imbalance • Fever ... Pheochromocytoma • Pulmonary ... #Palpitations #Cardiology
Preoperative Risk Evaluation

Major Pre-Op Questions:
1. Does the patient have any modifiable risk factors that could be
or family - Ever ... murmur 3/6) - Pulmonary ... exam Determine Cardiac ... event, follow ACC algorithm ... - Cataract Plan
Double Shunt on Echocardiogram
What do you see on this saline contrast study, in a patient with
with end-stage liver ... disease and pulmonary ... bubbles = PFO 2. ... as RAP>LAP as atrial ... PVeins (extra-cardiac