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Lung Infections in HIV - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Disease by CD4 Count:
Any CD4 Count:
 • Mycobacterium tuberculosis,
Infections in HIV - Differential ... : • 3 syndromes ... • CT: Halo sign ... papules, pustules, erythematous ... Constitutional symptoms
Erythematous Rashes - THE ALGORITHMIC APPROACH

Characterized by diffuse redness of the skin due to
capillary congestion, erythematous
or absence of fever ... If fever is present ... disease, scarlet fever ... but without a fever ... Nikolsky #Febrile #Fever
Complications of Measles: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
 • ADEM -> Fever, headache, neck stiffness, BBD, mental
Pathogenesis and Clinical ... Findings • ADEM -> Fever ... Pericarditis • Pneumonia ... SOB, fatigue, fever ... #symptoms #pathophysiology
Scarlet fever
• Delayed-type skin reactivity to pyrogenic exotoxin Requires prior exposure
• Diffuse erythematous eruption that generally
Scarlet fever • ... folds #Scarlet #fever ... #diagnosis #clinical ... #photo #signs # ... symptoms
Fever Patterns - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Continuous Fever:
Temp > 38°C with only 1 degree fluctuation in 24
Differential Diagnosis ... 104°F) • Lobar pneumonia ... gram-negative pneumonia ... Brucellosis Faget's Sign ... #Patterns #Differential
Fever in Returning Travelers from Tropical Regions - Frequent Differential Diagnoses
Medical History:
 • Skin exposure to
Regions - Frequent Differential ... infection Cardinal Symptoms ... localizing signs ... or symptoms - Malaria ... Cough, dyspnea - Pneumonia
Measles (Rubeola) 
Clinical 
 • High fever 
 • Cough, Coryza, Conjunctivitis (The 3 C's)
Measles (Rubeola) Clinical ... • High fever ... comrnon) • Pneumonia ... KoplikSpots #Features #Symptoms ... #Signs
Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) - Typical Signs/Symptoms
Alopecia, Fever, Malar rash, Photosensitivity, Adenopathies, Lupus pneumonia, Pleurisy, Pancreatitis,
SLE) - Typical Signs ... /Symptoms Alopecia ... , Fever, Malar rash ... Adenopathies, Lupus pneumonia ... #SLE #Signs #Symptoms
Clinical Manifestations of Serotonin Syndrome
 • Ophthalmologic: Mydriasis, Ocular clonus (slow horizontal movements)
 • Gastrointestinal: Diarrhea,
Clinical Manifestations ... of Serotonin Syndrome ... : Tachycardia, Fever ... #Symptoms #spectrum ... #signs #diagnosis
Pneumocystis jirovecii Pneumonia 
Clinical 
 • Caused by Pneumocystis jirovecii (formerly carinil) 
 • Immunocompromised host
Pneumocystis jirovecii Pneumonia ... Clinical • ... CD4 < 200 • Symptoms ... 2—3 weeks • Fever ... often elevated Treatment