17 results
Approach to Headaches - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Red flags (PHANTOMS):
 • Pattern change, progressively worse, papilledema
 •
• Meningeal signs ... Systemic symptoms and signs ... (e.g., fever, myalgia ... lesion • CNS infection ... #neurology #PHANTOMS
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) in HIV-AIDS Patients
Cytomegalovirus (CMV): double-stranded DNA virus, herpesvirus family.
CMV infection: virus isolation or detection
CMV infection: virus ... of symptoms or signs ... 50 or less: • Neurologic ... Pancreatitis • Pulmonary ... #differential #signs
“Step by Step” – the new kid on the block – aims to risk stratify this
investigations and treatments ... serious bacterial infections ... an infant with fever ... Diagnosis #Management #Pediatrics ... Stratification #Fever
Biphasic Illness of Leptospirosis
Some patients do not progress to severe disease. Others, rapidly develop severe disease
-14 days): • Fever ... • Headache ... dysfunction) • Pulmonary ... hemorrhage • ARDS ... Diagnosis #Illness #Signs
Headaches Overview - Primary vs Secondary Headaches

What’s the Core Difference?
 • Primary headache = headache is
+ fever, confusion ... • Meningitis (fever ... : S Systemic (fever ... N Neurological signs ... confusion, focal signs
13 Dangerous Causes of Headache:
 - subarachnoid hemorrhage: family history, PCKD, known berry aneurysm, sudden and
Dangerous Causes of Headache ... coagulopathy, decreased level ... : fever, immunocompromise ... thrombophilia, neurologic ... signs/symptoms
Lung Infections in HIV - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Disease by CD4 Count:
Any CD4 Count:
 • Mycobacterium tuberculosis,
Lung Infections ... • CT: Halo sign ... cough, myalgias, headache ... , headache, non-productive ... #HIV #AIDS #pulmonary
Mycoses

HISTOPLASMOSIS
• Inhalation of conidia → Yeast → travel to lymph nodes → spread in body
• Bird
respiratory symptoms • Fever ... cough, chills, headache ... , fever, chills, ... yeast • At risk: AIDS ... • Isolated fever
CNS Infection in HIV / AIDS - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Principles of HIV-Associated CNS Opportunistic Infections:
 •
HIV / AIDS - Differential ... Antimicrobial treatment ... • Symptoms: Fever ... • Symptoms: Fever ... differential #diagnosis #AIDS
CNS Infections - Viral Encephalitis and Bacterial Meningitis - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Viral Encephalitis:
MCC: Enteroviruses (e.g., coxsackievirus
CNS Infections - ... • Fever • Nuchal ... Acute meningeal signs ... (fever, nuchal ... differential #diagnosis #neurology