81 results
Hepatopulmonary Syndrome (HPS) 

HPS-differential diagnosis:
1. Pulmonary vasculature
2. Diseases of the lung parenchyma
3. Pleura and diaphragm

HPS-diagnosis:
1. Patients
Hepatopulmonary ... Syndrome (HPS) ... Pulmonary vasculature ... Patients with liver ... #hepatology #pulmonary
 End Stage Liver Disease (Cirrhosis) - Complications 
 • Ascites
 • Esophageal Varices
 • Hepatic
End Stage Liver ... Carcinoma (HCC) • Hepatopulmonary ... Syndrome (HPS) ... • Hepatorenal Syndrom ... management #summary #hepatology
Hepatopulmonary Syndrome (HPS) Diagnosis Algorithm
Bubble echo is the first piece of the puzzle. The nail on
Hepatopulmonary ... Syndrome (HPS) Diagnosis ... #Syndrome #HPS ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #hepatology ... #pulmonary
Complications of Portal Hypertension
 • Hepatic Encephalopathy
 • Pulmonary: Hepatopulmonary syndrome, Portopulmonary hypertension, Hepatic hydrothorax
 •
Encephalopathy • Pulmonary ... : Hepatopulmonary ... syndrome, Portopulmonary ... Renal: Hepatorenal syndrome ... Complications #hepatology
Clinical manifestations of acute liver failure 

Brain: 
Hepatic encephalopathy,  
Cerebral edema,  
Intracranial hypertension,
manifestations of acute liver ... abnormalities Liver ... , Hepatopulmonary ... manifestations #acute #liver ... #failure #Signs
Dyspnea - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Cardiovascular Causes of Dyspnea:
 • Myocardium:
	- Heart failure
	- CAD/ACS
	- Valvulopathy
 • Electrical:
	-
- Tamponade Pulmonary ... Vasculitis - Hepatopulmonary ... syndrome Other ... Transverse myelitis • Hematology ... diagnosis #causes #pulmonary
Hepatopulmonary Syndrome - Diagnosis and Management Summary
A defect in arterial oxygenation due to a gas exchange
Hepatopulmonary ... Syndrome - Diagnosis ... #syndrome #diagnosis ... #management #treatment ... #hepatology
Acute Spinal Cord Injuries: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Anterior Cord Syndrome -> Anterior spinal artery
Anterior Cord Syndrome ... function below injury level ... • Central Cord Syndrome ... pathophysiology #signs ... #orthopedics #neurology
Approach to the A-a Gradient
A-a gradient = PAO2 - PaO2
A-a gradient = [FiO2 x (Patm -
Room Air + Sea Level ... Hypoventilation Syndrome ... Intracardiac, Pulmonary ... AVMs, Hepatopulmonary ... Syndrome -
Sarcoidosis 
Non-caseating granulomas (Composed of T-helper & inflammatory cells) 
Clinical:
 • Disease fatal in 10% of
Constitutional: Fever ... polyarthritis • Pulmonary ... exertion • Neurologic ... Diagnosis #Symptoms #Signs ... #Pulmonary