13 results
Achilles Tendon Rupture - Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • The Achilles tendon is 15cm long in
etiology Signs/Symptoms ... /Complications: ... Thompson calf squeeze test ... #pathophysiology ... #msk #orthopedics
Cauda Equina Syndrome
Causes:
 • Large lumbar degenerative disc herniation (central)
 • Severe lumbar spondylosis
 • Neoplasm
/ Complications ... leg reflexes) ... Incontinence • Saddle ... CaudaEquina #Syndrome #MSK ... #pathophysiology
Meralgia paresthetica: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
Compression/injury of Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Nerve (LFCN) -> Meralgia paresthetica
 •
gait, strength, reflexes ... Straight Leg Raise Test ... MeralgiaParesthetica #MSK ... #pathophysiology ... #differential #
The Neurological Evaluation of a Comatose Patient

Definition:
 • Coma: a state of unresponsiveness; the absence of
consciousness Differential ... • Mutism Pathophysiology ... etiology of coma Abnormal ... decortication), abnormal ... #PhysicalExam #neurology
Acute Spinal Cord Injuries: Pathogenesis and clinical findings
 • Anterior Cord Syndrome -> Anterior spinal artery
clumsiness in hands ... rectal reflex. ... #signs #symptoms ... #msk #orthopedics ... #neurology
Inverted Supinator Test

Useful for identifying a lesion at the C5-C6 spinal cord level.  Tapping the
wrist extension and ... An abnormal response ... #Reflex #neurology ... #physicalexam #orthopedics ... #msk #sports #IRR
Cauda Equina Syndrome Overview

Cauda Equina Syndrome:
 • Prevalence: 1:33,000-100,000 ppl/yr
 • Incidence: 1.5-3.4 million ppl/yr
 •
spine L1-L5 Symptoms ... so-called ‘red flag’ symptoms ... • Provocative Tests ... absent anal wink test ... diagnosis #causes #neurology
Hearing Loss - Differential Diagnosis Framework

Hearing Loss Types:
• Conductive
• Sensorineural
• Mixed
Presbycusis is the most common type
Hearing Loss - Differential ... include a: • Neurologic ... : • Normal: Air ... middle ear, and ... ○ Meningitis complications
Bronchiectasis - Summary

What?
• Bronchiectasis is derived from the Greek words bronckos meaning airway and ectasis meaning
inflammation Symptoms ... advanced disease Complications ... Diagnosis: • HRCT ... - BAR >1.0 is abnormal ... Bronchiectasis #pulmonary #differential
Paget’s Disease: Complications
Abnormal Osteoclasts cause excessive bone turnover -> Incr bone resorption, Incr (abnormal) bone formation

MSK
Paget’s Disease: Complications ... bone formation MSK ... make bones weaker and ... PagetsDisease #pathophysiology ... diagnosis #signs #symptoms