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Germ Cell Layers and Derivatives
Ectoderm
 • Neural Crest
 • Neural Tube
 • Surface Ectoderm
Mesoderm
Endoderm

Sarah Lyon @sarahthelyon

#Germ
Cell Layers and Derivatives ... Ectoderm Mesoderm Endoderm ... Layers #embryology #Derivatives
Some H1 antihistaminic Drugs in Clinical Use
1st Generation Antihistamines:
Ethanolamjnes - Carbinoxamine (Clistin), Dimenhydrinate (salt of diphenhydramine)(Dramamine),
etc) Piperazjne derivatives ... Phenothiazine derivative
Drugs that Cause Fever
Most commonly:
Amphotericin B, Antihistamines, Asparaginase, Barbiturates, Bleomycin sulfate, Methyldopa, Penicillins, Phenytoin sodium, Procainamide,
Cimetidine, Cocaine derivatives ... Para-ammosalicylic acid
Hyponatremia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Utilizing Uric Acid 
ADH promotes Urea/uric acid excretion along with water
Utilizing Uric Acid ... promotes Urea/uric acid ... 4) Serum Uric Acid ... - Low Uric Acid ... - High Uric Acid
Arachidonic Acid Pathway

#Arachidonic #Acid #Pathway #Pharmacology
Arachidonic Acid ... #Arachidonic #Acid
Mechanism of Action of Bile Acid Sequestrants
Bile Acid Sequestrants → ↓ Hepatic Bile Acid Pool →
Action of Bile Acid ... Sequestrants Bile Acid ... ↓ Hepatic Bile Acid ... ↑ Hepatic Bile Acid ... LDL-C #biliary #acid
True Hyponatremia Differential Algorithm

Instead (or in addition) of volume status examination, check urine sodium and serum
and serum uric acid ... sodium low, uric acid ... high and uric acid
Fever - Pyrogen Pathophysiology

EXOGENOUS PYROGEN
 • Bacteria: Lipopolysaccharide components, peptidoglycans and muramyl peptide derivatives, Toxins
 •
muramyl peptide derivatives
Gastric Acid Secretion - Pathophysiology
Chief cell - Pepsinogen
Parietal cell - Acid, Intrinsic factor
G cell - Gastrin
Inhibitors:
Gastric Acid Secretion ... Parietal cell - Acid ... Somatostatin Phases of acid ... release #Gastric #Acid
PLACO Mnemonic - Approach to Acid-Base Disorders
P - Determine the pH
L - Labs: PCO2 & HCO3
A
- Approach to Acid-Base ... PLACO #AcidBase #Acid