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diagnosis differential nephrology causes hypokalemia management potassium treatment alkalosis hyponatremia metabolic workup endocrinology hypercalcemia table classification hypomagnesemia pharmacology high magnesium
Flowchart to diuretic use in acute heart failure. (A) Congestion with volume overload. (B) Treatment algorithm after
(B) Treatment algorithm ... Total loop diuretic ... intravenous; SGLT2‐I, sodium–glucose ... following a single loop ... #CHF #Algorithm
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... starts by measuring urinary ... Clinicians should also look ... Post-hypercapnia • Diuretics ... differential #diagnosis #algorithm
Increased Urination - Differential Diagnosis Framework - Increased Volume / Frequency • Increased osmotic load (Increased
urine (usually low ... kidney disease, Loop ... phase of ATN, Hypercalcemia ... Increased intake (low ... /Inflammation: Urinary
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Extra-renal Losses: • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... secreting tumor, Primary ... • HTN Absent: Loop ... and thiazide diuretics
Hyperkalemia Treatment Options Stabilize cardiac membrane: • IV Calcium (peaks 5-10 minutes) Decrease potassium concentration: • IV Fluids Shift
Hyperkalemia Treatment ... 90 minutes) • Sodium ... excretion: • Urinary ... renal function) - Loop ... diuretic (often
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism Decreased GI Uptake - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
inhibitors - Primary ... Medications - Loop ... abnormalities - Hypercalcemia ... - Hypokalemia ... Differential #Diagnosis #Low
Ascites Management Principles Low Salt Diet - 2000 Mg Sodium Fluid Restriction - Never Work-horse Diuretic - Aldosterone Antagonist Combination
Management Principles Low ... Diet - 2000 Mg Sodium ... Never Work-horse Diuretic ... Antagonist Combination Diuretics ... - Add-on Loop Diuretics
Causes of Hypokalemia Transcellular Shifts: - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Causes of Hypokalemia ... anhydrase inhibitors, loop ... ), Primary hyperaldosteronism ... syndrome (mimics loop ... or induced) #Hypokalemia
Diuretics - Pharmacology Thiazides diuretics: • Inhibit Na+ Cl- cotransporter in distal tubule • Chlorothiazide, Chlorthalidone, Indapamide,
Diuretics - Pharmacology ... Metolazone Loop ... as no effect on sodium ... Pharmacology #nephrology #conversion ... #loop #thiazide
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Urinary Chloride • Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
- Urinary Chloride ... Remote use of loop ... or thiazide diuretics ... - Normal/low ... #causes #urinary
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