54 results
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Urinary Chloride
 • Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Remote use of loop ... or thiazide diuretics ... acidosis: Diabetic ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... acidosis: Gl tract ... • HTN Absent: Loop ... and thiazide diuretics
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
Non-anion Gap Metabolic ... Ureterosigmoidostomy, jejunal loop ... , ileal loop ... Potassium-sparing diuretics ... aniongap #NonGap #Metabolic
Hypokalemia Differential Algorithm
Acidosis
 - RTA
 - Diarrhea
pH Normal 
 1. Decreased Mg 
 2. Intracellular Shift
Hypokalemia Differential ... Algorithm Acidosis ... Diuretics (discontinued ... Metabolic alkalosis ... Diagnosis #Causes #Workup
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Urinary Chloride Algorithm ... Remote use of loop ... or thiazide diuretics ... acidosisDiabetic ... Chloride #urine #Algorithm
Causes of Hypokalemia
Transcellular Shifts:
 - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Causes of Hypokalemia ... anhydrase inhibitors, loop ... Renal tubular acidosis ... syndrome (mimics loop ... or induced) #Hypokalemia
Acid Base and Blood Gas Analysis
1. pH - What’s the primary disturbance?
2. pCO2 - What’s the
Respiratory Acidosis ... D - Diarrhea/diuretics ... gap metabolic acidosis ... nickmmark #acidbase #workup ... #algorithm #diagnosis
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Renal losses, Diuretic ... with renal tubal acidosis ... and metabolic alkalosis ... Ketonuria, Osmotic diuresis
Approach to Elevated Bicarbonate (HCO3)
Risk Factors for Hypercapnea? (Hx of COPD, OSA, sedative use, CNS/muscular disorders?)
(+)
for Respiratory Acidosis ... Gas) (-) Likely Metabolic ... - Loop or Thiazides ... - Loop or Thiazides ... #alkalosis #algorithm
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
Medications - Loop ... and thiazide diuretics ... abnormalities - Hypercalcemia ... - Hypokalemia ... Classification #Causes #Workup