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diagnosis differential hypokalemia management causes potassium hyponatremia treatment urine acute alkalosis anesthesia anesthesiology checklist chronic crisis gitelman hypernatremia hyperthermia hypotonic
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis • Kidney loss of Cl-
Algorithm Cl- ... Remote use of loop ... alkalosis • Normal/low ... #urine #Algorithm ... #nephrology #differential
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Extra-renal Losses: • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... • HTN Absent: Loop ... and thiazide diuretics ... #nephrology
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm 1) Check Urine Osmolality: > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Differential Diagnosis Workup ... Algorithm 1) ... • Euvolemic (Low ... #Algorithm #nephrology ... #sodium
Algorithm for Management of Acute and Chronic Hyperkalemia Acute Hyperkalemia: - IV calcium (10 mL of 10%)
Algorithm for Management ... in 4 mL) - IV sodium ... therapy (loop diuretics ... mL/min) - Oral sodium ... Chronic #treatment #nephrology
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
normal volume-based algorithm ... : SIADH, Renal Sodium ... can be high or low ... : Hypovolemia, Hypervolemia ... #nephrology
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine Urine K+
Algorithm for patients ... with hypokalemia ... High Urine Cl - Loop ... diuretics, Mg2+ ... #diagnosis #nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
reabsorption) Workup ... acidosis) • Low ... (IV loop diuretic ... acetazolamide) - IV loop ... Treatment #potassium #nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome Overview What? • Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter • Gitelman's syndrome
thiazide-sensitive sodium ... thiazide-sensitive sodium ... with thiazide diuretic ... alkalosis • Normal or low ... Syndrome #diagnosis #nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Decreased intake (rare cause in isolation) GI loss - Urine loss
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... contracted • Loop ... diuretics / Bartter's ... #Nephrology #Differential
Hyponatremia - Differential Algorithm Isotonic Hyponatremia: Hyperlipidemia, Hyperproteinemia, Recent TURP Hypotonic Hyponatremia: • Hypovolemia: Diuretics/Nephropathies, Vomiting, Diarrhea,
- Differential Algorithm ... • Hypovolemia: Diuretics ... polydipsia • Hypervolemia ... diagnosis #causes #nephrology ... #sodium #low
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