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diagnosis differential nephrology management hypokalemia hyperkalemia table classification metabolic pharmacology alkalosis hyponatremia hematology hypomagnesemia cardiology chloride clinical criticalcare foamed high
Flowchart to diuretic use in acute heart failure. (A) Congestion with volume overload. (B) Treatment algorithm after
(B) Treatment algorithm ... Total loop diuretic ... maximal dose for IV loop ... following a single loop ... #CHF #Algorithm
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Extra-renal Losses: • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... • HTN Absent: Loop ... and thiazide diuretics ... Differential #Diagnosis #Algorithm ... #causes #potassium
Diuretics - Pharmacology Thiazides diuretics: • Inhibit Na+ Cl- cotransporter in distal tubule • Chlorothiazide, Chlorthalidone, Indapamide,
Metolazone Loop ... Piretanide Potassium ... Pharmacology #nephrology #conversion ... #loop #thiazide ... #classes
Causes of Hypokalemia Transcellular Shifts: - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Causes of Hypokalemia ... plasma insulin (treatment ... anhydrase inhibitors, loop ... syndrome (mimics loop ... #Hypokalemia #Causes
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Clinicians should also look ... Post-hypercapnia • Diuretics ... differential #diagnosis #algorithm ... #potassium
Hyponatremia Treatment Algorithm CHF, Cirrhosis - Fluid restriction SIADH - Fluid restriction - Consider salt tablets if etiology
Algorithm CHF ... consider adding loop ... diuretic Reset ... -> free water diuresis ... #Algorithm #Management
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Urinary Chloride • Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Remote use of loop ... or thiazide diuretics ... - Normal/low ... #causes #urinary
Causes of Hypomagnesemia • Redistribution: IV glucose, Correction of diabetic ketoacidosis, IV hyperalimentation, Refeeding after starvation,
Causes of Hypomagnesemia ... , Potassium depletion ... disease • Drugs: Loop ... Hypomagnesemia #Causes ... nephrology #magnesium #low
Hyperkalemia Treatment Options Stabilize cardiac membrane: • IV Calcium (peaks 5-10 minutes) Decrease potassium concentration: • IV Fluids Shift
Hyperkalemia Treatment ... minutes) Decrease potassium ... Fluids Shift potassium ... renal function) - Loop ... diuretic (often
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine Urine K+
Algorithm for patients ... High Urine Cl - Loop ... diuretics, Thiazide ... diuretics, Mg2+ ... #differential #algorithm
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