96 results
Treatment of hyperkalemia via kaliuresis 
step 1 = volume resuscitation if hypovolemic
step 2 = consider fludrocortisone
step
Treatment of hyperkalemia ... #hyperkalemia ... #criticalcare #treatment ... #diuretics #diuresis ... #nephrology #algorithm
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
- Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... starts by measuring urinary ... Clinicians should also look ... Post-hypercapnia • Diuretics
Causes of Hypokalemia
Transcellular Shifts:
 - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Causes of Hypokalemia ... plasma insulin (treatment ... anhydrase inhibitors, loop ... syndrome (mimics loop ... #Causes #differential
Flowchart to diuretic use in acute heart failure.

(A) Congestion with volume overload. 

(B) Treatment algorithm after
(B) Treatment algorithm ... Total loop diuretic ... maximal dose for IV loop ... following a single loop ... #CHF #Algorithm
Increased Urination - Differential Diagnosis Framework - Increased Volume / Frequency
 • Increased osmotic load (Increased
Increased Urination - Differential ... kidney disease, Loop ... phase of ATN, Hypercalcemia ... Increased #Urination #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Urinary
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
inhibitors - Primary ... Medications - Loop ... abnormalities - Hypercalcemia ... - Hypokalemia ... Hypomagnesemia #Differential
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... secreting tumor, Primary ... • HTN Absent: Loop ... and thiazide diuretics
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Urinary Chloride
 • Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... - Urinary Chloride ... Remote use of loop ... #causes #urinary
Hyperkalemia Treatment Options
Stabilize cardiac membrane:
 • IV Calcium (peaks 5-10 minutes)
Decrease potassium concentration:
 • IV Fluids
Shift
Hyperkalemia Treatment ... excretion: • Urinary ... renal function) - Loop ... diuretic (often ... LouLectures #Hyperkalemia
Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Primary Hyperparathyroidism
 • Adenoma
 • Hyperplasia
 • MEN 1 and 2A
Tertiary Hyperparathyroidism
Differential Diagnosis ... Algorithm Primary ... Effects • Thiazide Diuretics ... • Unregulated Conversion ... #Differential #