39 results
Causes of Hypokalemia
Transcellular Shifts:
 - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
diuretics, and ... Postobstructive diuresis ... diuretic use), ... mimics thiazide diuretic ... #differential #
Diuretics - Pharmacology

Thiazides diuretics:
 • Inhibit Na+ Cl- cotransporter in distal tubule
 • Chlorothiazide, Chlorthalidone, Indapamide,
Diuretics - Pharmacology ... Thiazides diuretics ... diuretics: • ... Piretanide Potassium ... Pharmacology #nephrology #conversion
Causes of Hypomagnesemia
Redistribution:
 - IV glucose
 - Correction of diabetic ketoacidosis
 - IV hyperalimentation
 - Refeeding
Saline or osmotic diuresis ... - Potassium depletion ... disease Drugs: - Loop ... diuretics - Aminoglycosides ... #diagnosis #differential
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Defining the cause of hypokalemia starts by measuring urinary K
- Differential ... Clinicians should also look ... Post-hypercapnia • Diuretics ... #hypokalemia #differential ... #nephrology #potassium
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Urinary Chloride
 • Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential ... Remote use of loop ... or thiazide diuretics ... pressure: Active diuretic ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
Medications - Loop ... and thiazide diuretics ... Hypokalemia - Osmotic diuresis ... Post-obstructive diuresis ... Classification #Causes
Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Transcellular Shift
 • Recovery From DKA
 • Refeeding Syndrome
 • Acute Respiratory
Hypophosphatemia - Differential ... Syndrome • Osmotic Diuresis ... Acetazolamide and Thiazide Diuretics ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #endocrinology ... #causes
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis
ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L
 • Gastric alkalosis:
Causes of Metabolic ... diuretics after ... renal tubule diuretic ... diuretics actively ... other • Severe potassium
Causes of Hypomagnesemia
 • Redistribution: IV glucose, Correction of diabetic ketoacidosis, IV hyperalimentation, Refeeding after starvation,
Saline or osmotic diuresis ... , Potassium depletion ... disease • Drugs: Loop ... diuretics, Aminoglycosides ... #differential #
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... • HTN Absent: Loop ... and thiazide diuretics ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes ... #potassium #low