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diagnosis nephrology algorithm management metabolic chloride nongap rhabdomyolysis urinary acidosis aniongap diuresis diuretics excretion gitelman hyperkalemia k medications metabolicalkalosis pharmacology
Causes of Hypokalemia Transcellular Shifts: - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Transcellular Shifts: - Alkalosis ... plasma insulin (treatment ... , nasogastric suction ... #Causes #differential
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Urinary Chloride • Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
- Differential ... Remote use of loop ... or thiazide diuretics ... #Differential # ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #causes
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis: • Lactic acidosis
Causes of High-anion ... Ureterosigmoidostomy, jejunal loop ... , ileal loop ... Potassium-sparing diuretics ... Metabolic #Acidosis #differential
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis • Kidney loss of Cl-
Remote use of loop ... or thiazide diuretics ... diuretic use, Bartter ... the indicated causes ... Algorithm #nephrology #differential
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L • Gastric alkalosis:
Causes of Metabolic ... Alkalosis: Differential ... vomiting/ nasogastric suction ... #Differential # ... Diagnosis #Causes
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Weakness, cramping, nausea ... only if no clear cause ... (IV loop diuretic ... acetazolamide) - IV loop ... (10g PO tid) - caution
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Decreased intake (rare cause in isolation) GI loss - Urine loss
Causes of Hypokalemia ... - Differential ... Vomiting • NG suction ... contracted • Loop ... diuretics / Bartter's
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm GI Losses - Gastric • Vomiting • NG suction GI
Causes of Metabolic ... Alkalosis - Differential ... Vomiting • NG suction ... tubular transport • Diuretics ... (loop/thiazide)
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide) • Glaucoma • Epilepsy • Altitude
• Metabolic alkalosis ... +2Cl- Symport (Loop ... Kidney stones caused ... the Nonspecific Cation ... Tolvaptan) • Treatment
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis and Management Summary Trauma: • Immobilization, Crush iniury, Compartment syndrome, Electrical injury Exertional: •
Dermatomyositis) AKI - Pathophysiology ... Loop diuretics for ... Dialysis for severe hyperkalemia ... Management #Summary #causes ... #treatment
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