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management diuretics excretion gitelman hyponatremia hypotonic k metabolic pharmacology physiologic potassium renal sodium summary syndrome urinary
Causes of Hypokalemia Transcellular Shifts: - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Causes of Hypokalemia ... plasma insulin (treatment ... or induced) #Hypokalemia ... #Causes #differential ... #diagnosis #nephrology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis • Kidney loss of Cl-
Remote use of loop ... or thiazide diuretics ... diuretic use, Bartter ... #urine #Algorithm ... #nephrology #differential
Gitelman Syndrome Overview What? • Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter • Gitelman's syndrome
with thiazide diuretic ... Family history of hypokalemia ... • Unexplained hypokalemia ... Surreptitious diuretic ... #Hypokalemia
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Decreased intake (rare cause in isolation) GI loss - Urine loss
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Diagnosis Algorithm ... diuretics / Bartter's ... #Nephrology #Differential ... #Diagnosis #Algorithm
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis ... G-K), K-sparing diuretics ... improve GFR - Diuresis ... (IV loop diuretic ... diuretic (lasix
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary Causes of Rhabdomyolysis: • Trauma: - Immobilization - Crush injury - Compartment
Differential Diagnosis ... • LDH ↑ • Hyperkalemia ... Loop diuretics for ... Dialysis for severe hyperkalemia ... #causes #treatment
Pragmatic diagnostic algorithm for hypokalemia. ***Typical presentations: • Vomiting: urine Na/Cl > 1.6, low urine
algorithm for hypokalemia ... diuretic use: similar ... to the dose of diuretic ... #diagnosis #differential ... #algorithm #nephrology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide) • Glaucoma • Epilepsy • Altitude
• Metabolic alkalosis ... +2Cl- Symport (Loop ... Kidney stones caused ... Tolvaptan) • Treatment ... #Medications #Table
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis and Management Summary Trauma: • Immobilization, Crush iniury, Compartment syndrome, Electrical injury Exertional: •
Differential Diagnosis ... hour with goal urine ... Loop diuretics for ... Dialysis for severe hyperkalemia ... #Summary #causes
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
Urine Na+K / serum ... Renal Sodium loss (diuretics ... deficiency, Post-AKI diuresis ... (AKI, Post-AKI diuresis ... #diagnosis #table
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