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diagnosis metabolic nongap acidosis aniongap diuretics excretion gitelman k medications pharmacology potassium renal summary syndrome table urinary urine
Causes of Hypokalemia Transcellular Shifts: - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Causes of Hypokalemia ... Transcellular Shifts: - Alkalosis ... plasma insulin (treatment ... or induced) #Hypokalemia ... #Causes #differential
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis • Kidney loss of Cl-
Remote use of loop ... or thiazide diuretics ... diuretic use, Bartter ... the indicated causes ... #nephrology #differential
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis: • Lactic acidosis
Causes of High-anion ... Hypokalemia ... Hyperkalemia ... Drug-induced hyperkalemia ... Potassium-sparing diuretics
Gitelman Syndrome Overview What? • Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter • Gitelman's syndrome
with thiazide diuretic ... • Unexplained hypokalemia ... Surreptitious diuretic ... #management #pathophysiology ... #Hypokalemia
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm GI Losses - Gastric • Vomiting • NG suction GI
Alkalosis - Differential ... tubular transport • Diuretics ... (loop/thiazide) ... deficiency #MetabolicAlkalosis ... #NonGap #Nephrology
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Decreased intake (rare cause in isolation) GI loss - Urine loss
Causes of Hypokalemia ... diuretics / Bartter's ... syndrome • Thiazide diuretics ... Liddle's syndrome #Hypokalemia ... #Nephrology #Differential
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis ... G-K), K-sparing diuretics ... improve GFR - Diuresis ... (IV loop diuretic ... diuretic (lasix
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide) • Glaucoma • Epilepsy • Altitude
• Metabolic alkalosis ... irrigation • Management ... +2Cl- Symport (Loop ... Kidney stones caused ... Tolvaptan) • Treatment
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary Causes of Rhabdomyolysis: • Trauma: - Immobilization - Crush injury - Compartment
• LDH ↑ • Hyperkalemia ... Loop diuretics for ... Dialysis for severe hyperkalemia ... #causes #treatment ... #nephrology
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis and Management Summary Trauma: • Immobilization, Crush iniury, Compartment syndrome, Electrical injury Exertional: •
and Management ... Dermatomyositis) AKI - Pathophysiology ... Loop diuretics for ... Dialysis for severe hyperkalemia ... #Summary #causes
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