16 results
Causes of Hypokalemia
Transcellular Shifts:
 - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
Causes of Hypokalemia ... plasma insulin (treatment ... (mimics loop diuretic ... or induced) #Hypokalemia ... #Causes #differential
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Urinary Chloride
 • Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
Metabolic Alkalosis ... Remote use of loop ... or thiazide diuretics ... diuretic use, Bartter ... #Alkalosis #Differential
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
Hypokalemia ... Hyperkalemia ... Drug-induced hyperkalemia ... Potassium-sparing diuretics ... #NonGap #Metabolic
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Remote use of loop ... or thiazide diuretics ... blood pressure: Active ... diuretic use, Bartter ... #nephrology #differential
Causes of Hyponatremia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Hypovolemia, UNa > 20: 
 • Renal losses, Diuretic excess,
Renal losses, Diuretic ... tubal acidosis and metabolic ... alkalosis, Ketonuria ... , Osmotic diuresis ... #Causes #nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
with thiazide diuretic ... Family history of hypokalemia ... • Unexplained hypokalemia ... Surreptitious diuretic ... #Hypokalemia
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
Hypokalemia - Differential ... • HTN Absent: Loop ... and thiazide diuretics ... @priti899 #Hypokalemia ... #low #nephrology
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis
ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L
 • Gastric alkalosis:
Causes of Metabolic ... Alkalosis: Differential ... diuretics after ... renal tubule diuretic ... diuretics actively
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Decreased intake (rare cause in isolation)
GI loss - Urine loss
Causes of Hypokalemia ... diuretics / Bartter's ... diuretics / Gittelman's ... #Hypokalemia ... #Nephrology #Differential
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
GI Losses - Gastric
 • Vomiting
 • NG suction
GI
Causes of Metabolic ... Alkalosis - Differential ... tubular transport • Diuretics ... (loop/thiazide) ... #Nephrology #Differential