29 results
Causes of Hypokalemia
Transcellular Shifts:
 - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
plasma insulin (treatment ... diuretics, and ... thiazide-like diuretics ... diuretic use), ... #differential #diagnosis
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Urinary Chloride
 • Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
Remote use of loop ... or thiazide diuretics ... - Normal/low ... blood pressure: Active ... diuretic use, Bartter
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
Diuretics and Agents ... irrigation • Management ... +2Cl- Symport (Loop ... Kidney stones caused ... Tolvaptan) • Treatment
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
G-K), K-sparing diuretics ... improve GFR - Diuresis ... (IV loop diuretic ... diuretic (lasix ... #Management #Treatment
Causes of Hypomagnesemia
 • Redistribution: IV glucose, Correction of diabetic ketoacidosis, IV hyperalimentation, Refeeding after starvation,
Saline or osmotic diuresis ... disease • Drugs: Loop ... diuretics, Aminoglycosides ... #differential #diagnosis ... nephrology #magnesium #low
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
GI Losses - Gastric
 • Vomiting
 • NG suction
GI
Causes of Metabolic ... - Differential Diagnosis ... Vomiting • NG suction ... tubular transport • Diuretics ... (loop/thiazide)
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Remote use of loop ... or thiazide diuretics ... alkalosis • Normal/low ... blood pressure: Active ... diuretic use, Bartter
Causes of Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Decreased intake (rare cause in isolation)
GI loss - Urine loss
- Differential Diagnosis ... Vomiting • NG suction ... contracted • Loop ... diuretics / Bartter's ... syndrome • Thiazide diuretics
Treatment algorithm for malignancy-associated hypercalcemia.
Hypercalcemia
 - Renal Failure → Dialysis with low Ca++ bath
Aggressive IV hydration
Dialysis with low ... Volume Overload → Loop ... diuretic IV Bisphosphonate ... Calcitonin Refractory Cases ... #algorithm #management
Increased Airway Pressure - Guidelines for Crises in Anaesthesia

Using these steps from start to end should
Increase fresh gas flow ... bronchodilator; PEEP; diuretic ... #Differential #Anesthesiology ... Intraoperative #Checklist #Diagnosis ... #Management #Workup