19 results
Causes of Hypokalemia
Transcellular Shifts:
 - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
plasma insulin (treatment ... diuretics, and ... , Osmotic diuresis ... diuretic use), ... #differential #diagnosis
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Urinary Chloride
 • Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
- Differential Diagnosis ... Remote use of loop ... or thiazide diuretics ... - Normal/low ... diuretic use, Bartter
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
Diuretics and Agents ... disequilibrium syndrome • Diagnosis ... +2Cl- Symport (Loop ... Diuretics) (Bumetanide ... Tolvaptan) • Treatment
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
G-K), K-sparing diuretics ... improve GFR - Diuresis ... hypertonic Amp IVP • Diuretics ... (IV loop diuretic ... diuretic (lasix
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Remote use of loop ... or thiazide diuretics ... alkalosis • Normal/low ... diuretic use, Bartter ... #differential #diagnosis
Causes of Hypomagnesemia
 • Redistribution: IV glucose, Correction of diabetic ketoacidosis, IV hyperalimentation, Refeeding after starvation,
Saline or osmotic diuresis ... disease • Drugs: Loop ... diuretics, Aminoglycosides ... #differential #diagnosis ... nephrology #magnesium #low
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
GI Losses - Gastric
 • Vomiting
 • NG suction
GI
- Differential Diagnosis ... Vomiting • NG suction ... tubular transport • Diuretics ... (loop/thiazide) ... #Differential #Diagnosis
Algorithm for patients with hypokalemia on the basis of the potassium-to-creatinine ratio in the urine
Urine K+
Non-reabsorbable anion ... High Urine Cl - Loop ... diuretics, Thiazide ... diuretics, Mg2+ ... differential #algorithm #diagnosis
Heart Failure (HFrEF) Treatment - GDMT for stage C 

For patients with Heart Failure with REDUCED
Failure (HFrEF) Treatment ... edema then add on loop ... diuretics. ... #CHF #sCHF #HeartFailure ... Pharmacology #Management #Treatment
Refeeding Syndrome: Pathogenesis and clinical findings

Patients at Risk of Refeeding Syndrome:
 - Little or no nutritional
weight loss - Low ... drugs including diuretics ... -> Changes in action ... Refeeding #Syndrome #diagnosis ... #pathophysiology