23 results
Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Urinary Chloride
 • Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
- Differential Diagnosis ... Remote use of loop ... or thiazide diuretics ... - Normal/low ... diuretic use, Bartter
Causes of Hypokalemia
Transcellular Shifts:
 - Alkalosis, Increased plasma insulin (treatment of diabetic ketoacidosis), ß-Adrenergic agonists, Hypokalemic
plasma insulin (treatment ... diuretics, and ... Postobstructive diuresis ... #differential #diagnosis ... #nephrology
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting, NGT
Primary Metabolic ... Vomiting, NGT suction ... Diuretics (late ... High Urine Cl-: Diuretics ... #Algorithm #nephrology
Metabolic Alkalosis - Urinary Chloride Algorithm
Cl- responsive metabolic alkalosis
 • Kidney loss of Cl-
Remote use of loop ... or thiazide diuretics ... alkalosis • Normal/low ... diuretic use, Bartter ... #differential #diagnosis
Primary Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Volume Depleted - 2° hyperaldosteronism
 • Low Urine Cl-: Vomiting,
Primary Metabolic ... Vomiting, NGT suction ... Diuretics (late ... High Urine Cl-: Diuretics ... #Algorithm #Nephrology
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
Diuretics and Agents ... resistance • Metabolic ... +2Cl- Symport (Loop ... Tolvaptan) • Treatment ... #Nephrology #Pharmacology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Extra-renal Losses:
 • Normal Acid-Base: Low intake
 • Metabolic acidosis: Gl tract
- Differential Diagnosis ... intake • Metabolic ... • HTN Absent: Loop ... and thiazide diuretics ... #nephrology
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
GI Losses - Gastric
 • Vomiting
 • NG suction
GI
Causes of Metabolic ... Vomiting • NG suction ... tubular transport • Diuretics ... (loop/thiazide) ... MetabolicAlkalosis #NonGap #Nephrology
Causes of Metabolic Alkalosis: Differential Diagnosis
ECF volume contracted: urine chloride concentration <20 meq/L
 • Gastric alkalosis:
: Differential Diagnosis ... diuretics after ... renal tubule diuretic ... diuretics actively ... #Causes #nephrology
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
Gap Metabolic Acidosis ... , ileal loop ... Potassium-sparing diuretics ... #differential #diagnosis ... #causes #nephrology