12 results
Phosphate Binders - Pros and Cons

Calcium carbonate (TumsTM) 
 - Most inexpensive, antacid properties useful for
Low pill burden. ... Velphoro, ferric citrate ... edgarvlermamd - Nephrology ... #Table #Comparison ... #Pharmacology #Nephrology
Potassium Binders for Management of Hyperkalemia
 • SPS - Sodium polystyrene sulfonate
 • Patiromer (veltassa)
 •
Potassium Binders ... Management of Hyperkalemia ... • SPS - Sodium ... #pharmacology #table ... #comparison #nephrology
Characteristics of Commonly Used Phosphate Binders 
Aluminum 
 - Potent and effective 
 - Useful for
Inexpensive - Treats hypocalcemia ... burden Ferric citrate ... edgarvlermamd - Nephrology ... #Table #Comparison ... #Pharmacology #Nephrology
Citrate Anticoagulation Toxicity

Hypernatremia (HyperNa):
 - Citrate solutions may have ↑ sodium content and should be paired
solutions may have ↑ sodium ... binds Mg: this ... circulation → ↓Mg Hypocalcemia ... dysfunction or low ... Toxicity #toxicology #nephrology
Algorithm for Management of Acute and Chronic Hyperkalemia
Acute Hyperkalemia:
 - IV calcium (10 mL of 10%)
in 4 mL) - IV sodium ... - Consider K+ binders ... reinitiate and titrate ... mL/min) - Oral sodium ... Chronic #treatment #nephrology
Lactated Ringers (LR) vs Normal Saline (NS) - Comparison

Composition of LR:
 • Sodium 130 mEq/L
 •
Can give with blood ... same line - Citrate ... Is Dangerous in Hyperkalemia ... decreased renal blood ... flow and renal
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
: SIADH, Renal Sodium ... can be high or low ... Present (Uosm ≥100): Hypovolemia ... differential #diagnosis #table ... #sodium #nephrology
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
thiazide-sensitive sodium ... thiazide-sensitive sodium ... alkalosis • Normal or low ... blood pressure ... Syndrome #diagnosis #nephrology
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary

Causes of Rhabdomyolysis:
 • Trauma:
	- Immobilization
	- Crush injury
	- Compartment
• LDH ↑ • Hyperkalemia ... UA positive for blood ... fluid/Lactated ringers ... per day until stable ... causes #treatment #nephrology
Blood Transfusion Reactions

Immune Mediated:
 • Febrile Non-Hemolytic Transfusion Reaction (FNHTR): Most common immune reaction to transfusion.
Presents as dyspnea ... Citrate in RBCs ... binds to serum calcium ... Hypothermia: Due to low ... diagnosis #management #hematology