11 results
Workup of Hypercalcemia - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
High or Normal PTH:
 • Hyperparathyroidism: Parathyroid adenoma, Parathyroid hyperplasia,
Workup of Hypercalcemia ... Low PTH: • High ... PTHrP: - Low ... disease, Viral Syndromes ... #nephrology #PTH
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
- Hypokalemia ... Familial renal Mg wasting ... Differential #Diagnosis #Low ... #Magnesium #Table ... Classification #Causes #Workup
Reflex Testing - Causes of Hyporeflexia and Hyperreflexia
Focal Hyporeflexia: 
 • Radiculopathy, Mononeuropathy, Polyneuropathy, Acute stroke,
Reflex Testing - ... Hyporeflexia: • Hypercalcemia ... Guillain-Barré syndrome ... differential #diagnosis #table ... #neurology
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
Hypokalemia Evaluation ... differentiating kidney K wasting ... consumption • Low ... differential #potassium #nephrology ... #low
Gitelman Syndrome - Diagnosis and Workup
Blood Work:
 - Hypokalemia
 - Hypomagnesemia
 - Metabolic Alkalosis
 - Elevated
Gitelman Syndrome ... Hypokalemia - Hypomagnesemia ... Elevated Renin Urine Testing ... kidneys Genetic Testing ... #nephrology
Recommended initial testing for patients being evaluated for glomerular disease 

24-hour urine collection - Quantify proteinuria.
Recommended initial testing ... evaluated for glomerular ... in monitoring low-level ... #testing #workup ... nephrotic #nephritic #nephrology
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
Cerebral Salt Wasting ... : Hypovolemia, Hypervolemia ... Cirrhosis, Nephrotic syndrome ... differential #diagnosis #table ... #sodium #nephrology
Recommended initial testing for patients being evaluated for glomerular disease
1) 24-hour urine collection - Quantify proteinuria.
Recommended initial testing ... in monitoring low-level ... #workup #diagnosis ... #initial #testing ... #nephrology #nephrotic
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
reabsorption) Workup ... Elimination (see Table ... acidosis) • Low ... Slow - don’t delay ... Treatment #potassium #nephrology
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis and Screening Testing
Common causes: 
 • Renal parenchymal disease
and Screening Testing ... (correction of hypokalemia ... • Cushing’s syndrome ... Causes #Screening #Workup ... #table