17 results
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
diarrhea / IBD Renal ... Differential #Diagnosis #Low ... #Magnesium #Table ... #Classification ... #Causes #Workup
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm
 • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
Hematuria Workup ... • Evidence of glomerular ... → Refer to Nephrology ... for renal biopsy ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Workup
Normal Anion-Gap Acidosis (NAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Workup

NAGMA
- Chem, ABG or VBG
- Calculate Anion
Framework and Workup ... • Serum K low ... • Serum K: low ... Differential #Diagnosis #Workup ... #nephrology
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Differential Diagnosis Workup ... mOsm/kg - Implies renal ... • Euvolemic (Low ... , Ingestion Renal ... #Algorithm #nephrology
Workup for Hypophosphatemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework
Rule out spurious hypophosphatemia: paraproteinemia, acute leukemia
Measure Urine Fractional Excretion
Workup for Hypophosphatemia ... FEPO4 ≥ 5% - Renal ... • Normal or Low ... - Normal or Low ... #phosphate #nephrology
Hypokalemia - Differential Diagnosis
Poor Intake 
 - Starvation
 - Anorexia
GI Losses 
 - Vomiting / NG
Mineralocorticoid excess - Renal ... Differential #Diagnosis #Low ... #Potassium #Table ... #Classification
Management of Lupus Nephritis
Lupus nephritis (LN) in 10 to 40% of SLE
Hallmark = proteinuria 20.5 g/g
or 0.5 g/day → renal ... severity (ISN/RPS classification ... by 12 months Classification ... Focal LN (<50% of glomeruli ... #rheumatology #nephrology
Hypernatremia Classification and Features According to Volume Status
 - Hypervolemic hypernatremia - Cushing's syndrome, Primary hyperaldosteronism,
Hypernatremia Classification ... Hypodipsia - Renal ... Hypernatremia #Classification ... Diagnosis #Comparison #Table ... #Nephrology
Recommended initial testing for patients being evaluated for glomerular disease 

24-hour urine collection - Quantify proteinuria.
evaluated for glomerular ... in monitoring low-level ... glomerular proteinuria ... #testing #workup ... nephrotic #nephritic #nephrology
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
≥100): SIADH, Renal ... can be high or low ... Primary polydipsia), Low ... differential #diagnosis #table ... #sodium #nephrology