10 results
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
abnormalities - Hypercalcemia ... - Hypokalemia ... Differential #Diagnosis #Low ... #Magnesium #Table ... Classification #Causes #Workup
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
Sodium loss (diuretics ... can be high or low ... : Hypovolemia, Hypervolemia ... differential #diagnosis #table ... #sodium #nephrology
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Differential Diagnosis Workup ... mOsm/kg - Implies renal ... • Euvolemic (Low ... #Algorithm #nephrology ... #sodium
Normal Anion-Gap Acidosis (NAGMA) - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Workup

NAGMA
- Chem, ABG or VBG
- Calculate Anion
Framework and Workup ... • Serum K: low ... normal Type 4: Hyperkalemic ... Differential #Diagnosis #Workup ... #nephrology
Causes of Hyperkalemia - Reduced Excretion - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm

Reduced flow through distal nephron - TTKG
Causes of Hyperkalemia ... hypotension) Decreased Glomerular ... Creatinine • Chronic renal ... • NSAlDs #Hyperkalemia ... IntercellularShift #Nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
reabsorption) Workup ... 15 suggests ↓ renal ... Elimination (see Table ... acidosis) • Low ... Treatment #potassium #nephrology
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis and Screening Testing
Common causes: 
 • Renal parenchymal disease
Common causes: • Renal ... (correction of hypokalemia ... Oral sodium loading ... Causes #Screening #Workup ... #table
Hyponatremia - Differential Algorithm
Isotonic Hyponatremia: Hyperlipidemia, Hyperproteinemia, Recent TURP
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • Hypovolemia: Diuretics/Nephropathies, Vomiting, Diarrhea,
polydipsia • Hypervolemia ... Syndrome, Chronic Renal ... diagnosis #causes #nephrology ... #sodium #low
Gitelman Syndrome Overview

What?
• Inherited (AR) hypokalemic salt-losing tubulopathies affecting the thiazide-sensitive sodium chloride cotransporter
• Gitelman's syndrome
thiazide-sensitive sodium ... thiazide-sensitive sodium ... alkalosis • Normal or low ... (renal potassium ... Syndrome #diagnosis #nephrology
Malignant Hyperthermia Crisis - Guidelines for Crises in Anaesthesia
Unexplained increase in ETCO2 AND tachycardia AND increased
possible fresh gas flow ... with dantrolene Hyperkalaemia ... hyperventilate, sodium ... ); may require renal ... Diagnosis #Management #Workup