11 results
Hypernatremia Diagnosis and Workup

Step 1 . Repeat the sodium concentration.
Step 2.  Check plasma osmolality.
NORMAL PLASMA
Diagnosis and Workup ... Repeat the sodium ... liver failure • nephrotic ... Hypernatremia #Diagnosis #Workup ... #Algorithm #Nephrology
Hypernatremia Differential Diagnosis Algorithm - Diabetes Insipidus Workup

Step #1 - Consider the history
Step #2 - Assess
Differential Diagnosis Algorithm ... Diabetes Insipidus Workup ... Hypernatremia #Management ... #Algorithm #Sodium ... #nephrology #insipidus
Volume Based Approach to Hyponatremia
Hypovolemic, Serum uric acid >4
 • Urine Na <20: Extra-renal losses
 •
Hypothyroidism, Low ... failure, Cirrhosis, Nephrotic ... #Hyponatremia #algorithm ... #diagnosis #sodium ... #low #nephrology
Modified Hyponatremia Algorithm
Hypertonic Hyponatremia: Hyperglycemia, Mannitol, Urologic irrigants
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • ADH ON (UOsm > 100):
Modified Hyponatremia Algorithm ... failure, Cirrhosis, Nephrotic ... Primary polydipsia, Low ... #diagnosis #sodium ... #nephrology
Hypernatremia - Differential Diagnosis Workup Algorithm

1) Check Urine Osmolality:
 > 600 mOsm/kg - Implies extrarenal mechanism
Differential Diagnosis Workup ... Algorithm 1) ... • Euvolemic (Low ... #Algorithm #nephrology ... #sodium
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
normal volume-based algorithm ... can be high or low ... failure, Cirrhosis, Nephrotic ... differential #diagnosis #table ... #sodium #nephrology
Hyponatremia - Differential Algorithm
Isotonic Hyponatremia: Hyperlipidemia, Hyperproteinemia, Recent TURP
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • Hypovolemia: Diuretics/Nephropathies, Vomiting, Diarrhea,
- Differential Algorithm ... Liver Cirrhosis, Nephrotic ... #Differential #Algorithm ... diagnosis #causes #nephrology ... #sodium #low
Drug Induced Lupus vs SLE
Drug Induced Lupus (DIL):
 • Epidemiology: -10% of all lupus cases, drug-dependent,
• Immunologic Workup ... in >90% - Low ... ulcers, Lupus nephritis ... 60-80% - Low ... sle #comparison #table
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
Diagnosis and Management ... reabsorption) Workup ... Elimination (see Table ... acidosis) • Low ... Treatment #potassium #nephrology
Orthopedic Dressing Materials
1. Opsite - semi-permeable-thin, adhesive transparent polyurethrane film 
 • Indications: Superficial wounds as
promotes hemostasis, low ... Aquacel HYDROFIBER SODIUM ... or ribbon with sodium ... Dressings #Materials #management ... wound #comparison #table