8 results
Modified Hyponatremia Algorithm
Hypertonic Hyponatremia: Hyperglycemia, Mannitol, Urologic irrigants
Hypotonic Hyponatremia: 
 • ADH ON (UOsm > 100):
Modified Hyponatremia ... ON (UNa < 30): Hypovolemia ... Cerebral salt wasting ... Primary polydipsia, Low ... diagnosis #sodium #nephrology
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
can be high or low ... Cerebral Salt Wasting ... Present (Uosm ≥100): Hypovolemia ... differential #diagnosis #table ... #sodium #nephrology
Characteristics of Commonly Used Phosphate Binders 
Aluminum 
 - Potent and effective 
 - Useful for
Used Phosphate Binders ... Inexpensive - Treats hypocalcemia ... Lowers level of low-density ... increased risk of low ... #Table #Comparison
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
Hypercalcemia - Hypokalemia ... Familial renal Mg wasting ... Differential #Diagnosis #Low ... #Magnesium #Table ... Classification #Causes #Workup
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
reabsorption) Workup ... Elimination (see Table ... acidosis) • Low ... Slow - don’t delay ... Treatment #potassium #nephrology
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary

Causes of Rhabdomyolysis:
 • Trauma:
	- Immobilization
	- Crush injury
	- Compartment
• LDH ↑ • Hyperkalemia ... Hyperuricemia • Hyponatremia ... fluid/Lactated ringers ... per day until stable ... causes #treatment #nephrology
Enema Selection / Comparison Table

A short guide for choosing which enema to order depending on the
Selection / Comparison Table ... consider when treating ... derangements, hypovolemia ... Contraindications: SIADH, Hyponatremia ... Enema #Comparison #Table
Citrate Anticoagulation Toxicity

Hypernatremia (HyperNa):
 - Citrate solutions may have ↑ sodium content and should be paired
Anticoagulation Toxicity Hypernatremia ... HypoMg): - Citrate binds ... circulation → ↓Mg Hypocalcemia ... dysfunction or low ... Toxicity #toxicology #nephrology