11 results
Potassium-Binding Agents to Treat Hyperkalemia
Sodium zirconium cyclosilicate (Lokelma):
 • Mechanism: Preferentially captures K in exchange for
constipation, diarrhea, nausea ... • Mechanism: Sodium-K ... ); nausea, vomiting ... #pharmacology #table ... #comparison #binders
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm

Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
wasting from other ... causes. ... consumption • Low ... differential #potassium #nephrology ... #low
Physiologic Approach to Hypotonic Hyponatremia
The next time you have a case of hypotonic hyponatremia, give the
time you have a case ... algorithm Urine Na+K ... Present (Uosm ≥100): Hypovolemia ... differential #diagnosis #table ... #sodium #nephrology
Digoxin Pharmacology and Pathophysiology
1) Na/K ATPase Pump - Digoxin works by directly binding to and inhibiting
Pump - Digoxin works ... intracellular calcium causes ... - Hyperkalemia ( ... , in states of hypokalemia ... (or low potassium
Hyperkalemia - Diagnosis and Management - GrepMed Handbook

S/Sx: Most pts asymptomatic. Weakness, cramping, nausea, paresthesias, palpitations,
reabsorption) Workup ... only if no clear cause ... Elimination (see Table ... acidosis) • Low ... Treatment #potassium #nephrology
Hypomagnesemia - Etiologies by Mechanism

Decreased GI Uptake 
 - Poor dietary intake (particularly common in alcoholics)
Hypercalcemia - Hypokalemia ... Differential #Diagnosis #Low ... #Magnesium #Table ... Classification #Causes ... #Workup #hypomg
Lactated Ringers (LR) vs Normal Saline (NS) - Comparison

Composition of LR:
 • Sodium 130 mEq/L
 •
Saline (NS) - Comparison ... trial • Minimal K ... Is Dangerous in Hyperkalemia ... shift • Saline Causes ... • Saline May Cause
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis and Screening Testing
Common causes: 
 • Renal parenchymal disease
and Screening Testing ... (correction of hypokalemia ... Oral sodium loading ... #Screening #Workup ... #table
Pragmatic diagnostic algorithm for hypokalemia. 
***Typical presentations: 
 • Vomiting: urine Na/Cl > 1.6, low urine
urine Na/Cl > 1.6, low ... Tubulopathy: urine K/ ... confirmed via genetic testing ... continued in most cases ... differential #algorithm #nephrology
The crusade against “Ab”Normal Saline continues.  This is a non-physiologic fluid that can harm our
is dominated by K+ ... ECF and ICF both work ... in the ECF causes ... Hyperkalemia, a ... patients we are all treating