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diagnosis algorithm nephritic hyponatremia management diseases hematuria microscopy proteinuria syndrome treatment acute aki blood casts glomerulonephritis hyperkalemia renal sodium testing
Nephritic vs Nephrotic Syndrome Step 1: If the patient has hematuria and/or proteinuria, think about nephrotic/nephritic syndromes. Step
the patient have glomerular ... hematuria (RBC casts ... dysmorphic RBCs in urine ... #Syndrome #Comparison ... #Algorithm #Nephrology
Spectrum of Glomerular Diseases Nephrotic - Mechanism: • Injury to podocytes • Changed architecture: Scanning. Deposition of
Spectrum of Glomerular ... formation #Glomerular ... #Diseases #differential ... spectrum #diagnosis #nephrology ... #comparison
Glomerular Diseases - Nephritic and Nephrotic Syndromes Nephritic syndrome—due to GBM disruption. Hypertension. t BUN and creatinine.
Glomerular Diseases ... RBC casts in urine ... but in severe cases ... diabetes)) #Glomerular ... #Proteinuria #Nephrology
Differentiation Between Nephrotic Syndrome and Nephritic Syndrome == Nephrotic Syndrome == Onset - Insidious Edema - ++++ Blood
Red blood cell casts ... Red blood cell casts ... edgarvlermamd - Nephrology ... #Comparison #Table ... #Nephrology #Diagnosis
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
Hematuria Workup ... • Evidence of glomerular ... → Refer to Nephrology ... cystoscopy • Refer to Nephrology ... if cause not identified
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
Hematuria - Differential ... hematuria + clots ➔ Lower ... Bladder (Upper and Lower ... #Hematuria #Differential ... #urology #nephrology
Causes of Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Red blood cells on urine microscopy. Must exclude false positives
- Differential ... blood cells on urine ... Extraglomerular - Lower ... • Hereditary nephritis ... and >3.5g/day (nephrotic
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings • Epithelial cells - Normal • Renal tubular cells - Acute
Atlas of Urine Microscopy ... red - cells Non-glomerular ... also be seen if urine ... brown cast” - Necrotic ... key #diagnosis #nephrology
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
Kidney Injury - AKI Workup ... osmolarity If cause ... • Interstitial nephritis ... #Diagnosis #nephrology ... #causes
Algorithm - Approach to the differential diagnosis of the patient presenting with overt glomerular proteinuria. CMV
Approach to the differential ... arbitrarily defined as urine ... blood cells/high-power ... urine sediment ... #syndrome #nephrology
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