13 results
Causes of Chronic Kidney Disease - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Decreased kidney function (eGFR < 60 ml/min/1.73 m2)
Causes of Chronic ... Kidney Disease ... Hyperphosphatemia #CKD ... #Nephrology #Differential ... Diagnosis #Algorithm #Causes
Diuretics and Agents Regulating Renal Excretion

Carbonic Anhydrase Inhibitors (Acetazolamide, Dichlorphenamide)
 • Glaucoma
 • Epilepsy
 • Altitude
kidney disease, ... kidney disease, ... kidney disease ... kidney disease ... #Diuresis #Nephrology
Classification, Differential Diagnosis, and Features of Hyponatremia According to Volume Status 

Hypervolemic hypernatremia 
 - CHF
- Acute and chronic ... kidney disease ... Drugs - SIADH Renal ... hyponatremia - Diuretics ... Diagnosis #Table #Causes
Albuminuria (Grades) and Risk for CKD
Normal to mildly increased albuminuria:
 - Albumin excretion rate: < 30
of progressive kidney ... disease & cardiovascular ... associated with worse renal ... #classification ... #CKD #nephrology
Hepatic Encephalopathy - Diagnosis and Management Summary
Definition:
 • Alteration in brain function manifested by neuropsychiatric symptoms
Hepatic Encephalopathy ... of neurologic/cognitive ... over course of disease ... , GI bleeding, Diuretic ... #Grading #Classification
Causes of High-anion Gap and Non-anion Gap Metabolic Acidosis
Causes of High-anion Gap Acidosis:
 • Lactic acidosis
failure (acute and chronic ... Chronic progressive ... kidney disease ... Potassium-sparing diuretics ... #nephrology
Causes of Secondary Hypertension - Workup and Differential Diagnosis
Approach (when evaluation should be done):
1. Severe or
, including a diuretic ... heart failure, neurologic ... disturbance, or acute kidney ... disease: CKD, acute ... Neurologic disorders
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Hyperkalemia: • CKD ... • K sparing diuretics ... trauma - Ischemic colonic ... • Addison’s disease ... differential #diagnosis #causes
Acid Base Disorders - Blood Gas Interpretation

Steps for Blood Gas Interpretation: 
1. Acidemia or Alkalemia? 
2.
Acute or chronic ... Volume depletion (diuresis ... GBS, Myasthenia gravis ... restrictive lung disease ... Diagnosis #Summary #Nephrology
Hyperkalemia - Differential Diagnosis Framework

PseudoHyperkalemia:
 • Lab error
 • Traumatic venipuncture
 • Hemolysis, thrombocytosis, leukocytosis
 •
Hyperkalemia: • CKD ... • K sparing diuretics ... trauma - Ischemic colonic ... • Addison’s disease ... differential #diagnosis #causes