18 results
Common Etiologies of Cirrhosis

Inflammation

 - Hepatitis B (15 percent)

 - Hepatitis C (47 percent)

 - Schistosomiasis
Etiologies of Cirrhosis ... Primary biliary cirrhosis ... - Wilson disease ... Venoocclusive disease ... #Diagnosis #Differential
Clinical Examination for Liver and Biliary Diseases
1) Hands: Clubbing, Dupuytren's contracture, Leuconychia, Bruising, Flapping tremor (hepatic
Liver and Biliary Diseases ... Kayser-Fleischer rings in Wilson's ... Edema #biliary #physicalexam ... #cirrhosis #liver ... #disease #signs
Elevated Liver Enzymes - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Severe ALT > 15x ULN
 • Viral
 • Drugs/Toxins
 •
Liver Enzymes - Differential ... Autoimmune • Wilson's ... • Cholestatic disease ... Infiltrative • Cirrhosis ... #LiverEnzymes #Differential
Portal Hypertension - Differential Diagnosis
Portal Pressure = the pressure difference between the pressure in the portal
Hypertension - Differential ... significant portal HTN Signs ... obstruction) • Lack of signs ... • Infiltrative diseases ... Veno-occlusive disease
Hepatomegaly - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm
Malignant
 • Primary Carcinoma
 • Metastases
 • Lymphoma
 • Leukemia
 • Polycythemia
Hepatomegaly - Differential ... Hemochromatosis • Wilson's ... Disease • Amyloidosis ... Primary Biliary Cirrhosis ... #Hepatomegaly #Differential
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis (PBC) - Summary

PBC Epidemiology:
 • Female:Male 9:1
 • Common European descent
 • Age:
Primary Biliary Cirrhosis ... Pathophysiology: • T lymphocyte ... cholestasis → Cirrhosis ... failure PBC Signs ... bile ducts Differential
Nail Disorders secondary to Systemic Diseases
Nail Fold Abnormality
 • SLE
 • Scleroderma
 • Dermatomyositis
Koilonychia - Spoon-shaped
secondary to Systemic Diseases ... Medications • Wilson's ... disease • Silver ... discoloration) • Liver cirrhosis ... #dermatology #Differential
Primary Sjogren’s Syndrome: Pathogenesis and Clinical Findings
• Primary Sjögren's is a solitary process whereas secondary Sjögren's
other autoimmune diseases ... primary biliary cirrhosis ... with systemic diseases ... erythematosus (SLE) Signs ... Symptoms: - Lymphocyte
Terry's Nails

Proximal paleness extending halfway up the nail, often eliminating the lunula. Darker distal band. Seen
advanced age, liver disease ... /cirrhosis, CHF, ... #Fingernails #PhysicalExam ... Clinical #Photo #Sign
Ascites - Diagnostic Approach and Differential Diagnosis
The most common causes: cirrhosis, malignancy and heart failure. Approx
common causes: cirrhosis ... one cause (e.g. cirrhosis ... dullness, puddle sign ... incisional). 3) Signs ... of underlying disease