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nephrology diagnosis differential algorithm causes acute aki hematuria hypokalemia kidneyinjury atlas blood clinical crystalluria dipstick glucosuria key leucocyteesterase low management
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings • Epithelial cells - Normal • Renal tubular cells - Acute
Atlas of Urine Microscopy ... • Red cell casts ... • Hyaline casts ... key #diagnosis #nephrology ... #casts
Sulfa Crystals on Urine Microscopy Sulfa Crystal! Drug-induced crystalluria is a cause of acute renal failure
Urine Microscopy ... crystalluria is a cause ... of acute renal ... #Urine #Microscopy ... crystalluria #clinical #nephrology
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 Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
sediment Microscopic ... hematuria: - RBC casts ... microscopic and ... #urology #nephrology ... #renal #urine #
Simplified Approach to Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) 1) IS THIS AN EMERGENCY? Is there a dialysis indication
PROBLEM ~80% of AKI cases ... IMPROVEMENT If the urine ... Assess UA w/ microscopy ... for WBCs, RBCs, casts ... , crystals, protein
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
A urine K/Cr ratio ... suggests extra-renal ... causes • Laxative ... • Diarrhea A urine ... #nephrology #low
Urinary Casts and Disease Associations Hyaline - May be nonspecific; seen in normal individuals or during severe
Urinary Casts and ... and concentrated urine ... breakdown of cellular casts ... heme-granular casts ... 34t5DgJ #Urinary #Casts
Causes of Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Differential Diagnosis Algorithm Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) - Acute increase
at least 50% Renal ... Epithelial cell casts ... myeloma) • Urate crystals ... polyangiitis /microscopic ... #KidneyInjury #Nephrology
Urinalysis & Urine Sodium Theophilus Protospatharius, a seventh-century physician who wrote the first manuscript focused exclusively
Microscopic exam ... • Crystals ... • Urinary casts ... used with normal renal ... #UNa #casts #glucosuria
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary Causes of Rhabdomyolysis: • Trauma: - Immobilization - Crush injury - Compartment
Management Summary Causes ... /Late - Hypercalcemia ... Cast formation: ... Monitor potassium ... #treatment #nephrology
Pragmatic diagnostic algorithm for hypokalemia. ***Typical presentations: • Vomiting: urine Na/Cl > 1.6, low urine
algorithm for hypokalemia ... genetic testing *If hypokalemia ... correcting serum potassium ... continued in most cases ... differential #algorithm #nephrology
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