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diagnosis differential nephrology algorithm management urology blood causes hypokalemia treatment atlas crystals dipstick glucosuria key leucocyteesterase low microscopic nitrite prs
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
: - RBC casts ... Causes of Hematuria ... microscopic and ... #urology #nephrology ... #renal #urine #
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings • Epithelial cells - Normal • Renal tubular cells - Acute
Atlas of Urine Microscopy ... • Red cell casts ... • Hyaline casts ... key #diagnosis #nephrology ... #casts
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
proteinuria, RBC casts ... → Refer to Nephrology ... for renal biopsy ... cystoscopy • Refer to Nephrology ... if cause not identified
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
A urine K/Cr ratio ... suggests extra-renal ... causes • Laxative ... • Diarrhea A urine ... #nephrology #low
Urinary Casts and Disease Associations Hyaline - May be nonspecific; seen in normal individuals or during severe
Urinary Casts and ... and concentrated urine ... breakdown of cellular casts ... heme-granular casts ... 34t5DgJ #Urinary #Casts
Urinalysis & Urine Sodium Theophilus Protospatharius, a seventh-century physician who wrote the first manuscript focused exclusively
Microscopic exam ... • Urinary casts ... used with normal renal ... #UNa #casts #glucosuria ... #hematuria
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary Causes of Rhabdomyolysis: • Trauma: - Immobilization - Crush injury - Compartment
Management Summary Causes ... /Late - Hypercalcemia ... Cast formation: ... Monitor potassium ... #treatment #nephrology
Pulmonary Renal Syndromes - OnePager Summary Autoimmune ANCA vasculitis (AAV): GPA (granulomatous with polyangiitis), EGPA (eosinophilic granulomatosis
, proteinuria, hematuria ... : UA, Urine protein ... Goodpasture's cause ... or gross hematuria ... , RBC casts, low
Approach to Microscopic Hematuria Microscopic hematuria is often incidental but may be associated with urologic malignancy.
Hematuria Microscopic ... hematuria is often ... RBC's, cellular casts ... properly collected urine ... with cystoscopy & renal
Pragmatic diagnostic algorithm for hypokalemia. ***Typical presentations: • Vomiting: urine Na/Cl > 1.6, low urine
algorithm for hypokalemia ... genetic testing *If hypokalemia ... correcting serum potassium ... continued in most cases ... differential #algorithm #nephrology
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