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diagnosis nephrology differential algorithm causes hematuria blood hypokalemia management workup acute aki atlas injury key kidney low microscopic rhabdomyolysis treatment
Atlas of Urine Microscopy Findings • Epithelial cells - Normal • Renal tubular cells - Acute
Atlas of Urine Microscopy ... • Red cell casts ... • Hyaline casts ... key #diagnosis #nephrology ... #casts
Hematuria - Differential Diagnosis Framework Gross Hematuria: Red/Dark urine • 1ml blood/liter urine can induce color change
sediment Microscopic ... hematuria: - RBC casts ... microscopic and ... #urology #nephrology ... #renal #urine #
Hematuria Workup and Diagnosis Algorithm • Confirm hematuria → Urinalysis >3 RBCs/HPF, exclude mimics, repeat testing
proteinuria, RBC casts ... → Refer to Nephrology ... for renal biopsy ... and referral to Urology ... if cause not identified
Hypokalemia Evaluation Algorithm Before evaluating hypokalemia, life threatening complications such as arrhythmias and paralysis should be looked
A urine K/Cr ratio ... suggests extra-renal ... causes • Laxative ... • Diarrhea A urine ... #nephrology #low
Urinary Casts and Disease Associations Hyaline - May be nonspecific; seen in normal individuals or during severe
Urinary Casts and ... and concentrated urine ... breakdown of cellular casts ... heme-granular casts ... 34t5DgJ #Urinary #Casts
Acute Kidney Injury - AKI Workup Algorithm and Differential Diagnosis Baseline Investigations: full blood count with differential,
microscopy / urinary ... osmolarity If cause ... , HIV serology, ... Differential #Diagnosis #nephrology ... #causes
Rhabdomyolysis - Differential Diagnosis Framework and Management Summary Causes of Rhabdomyolysis: • Trauma: - Immobilization - Crush injury - Compartment
Management Summary Causes ... /Late - Hypercalcemia ... Cast formation: ... Monitor potassium ... #treatment #nephrology
Pragmatic diagnostic algorithm for hypokalemia. ***Typical presentations: • Vomiting: urine Na/Cl > 1.6, low urine
algorithm for hypokalemia ... genetic testing *If hypokalemia ... correcting serum potassium ... continued in most cases ... differential #algorithm #nephrology
Approach to Microscopic Hematuria Microscopic hematuria is often incidental but may be associated with urologic malignancy.
associated with urologic ... RBC's, cellular casts ... properly collected urine ... with cystoscopy & renal ... diagnosis #management #urology
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